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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Structure des solutions aqueuses de polyélectrolytes fortement chargés</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Structure of aqueous solutions of strongly charged polyelectrolytes</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polyélectrolyte</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Solutions denses</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">SAXS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">SANS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ordre d'orientation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Poly(chlorure de diallyldiméthylammonium)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polystyrène sulfoné</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Poly(alpha-méthylstyrène sulfonate)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polyelectrolyte</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dense solutions</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">SAXS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">SANS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Orientational order</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polystyrene sulfonate</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Poly(alpha-methylstyrene sulfonate)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xsi:type="dcterms:DDC">541.34</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="032717334" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Solutions aqueuses (chimie)</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031531326" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Rayons X -- Diffusion aux petits angles</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="029540232" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Neutrons -- Diffusion</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Nous étudions la structure des solutions concentrées de polyélectrolytes (PE). Celle-ci n’a fait l’objet que de rares études expérimentales et aucun ordre d'orientation n'a jamais pu être observé dans les solutions de PE flexibles et semi-flexibles, bien que des travaux théoriques, basés sur l’approche d’Onsager, prévoient l'apparition d'une phase nématique aux fortes concentrations. Nous avons mesuré la position q* dans l'espace réciproque du pic présent dans la fonction de corrélation des solutions de PE fortement chargés obtenue par diffusion de rayonnement (DXPA et DNPA), et avons confronté sa variation avec la concentration c aux lois d'échelles théoriques q*~ca. Nous avons combiné des très fortes concentrations avec une haute résolution spatiale. La rigidité intrinsèque du PE est le paramètre clef de l’étude. En effet, le PSS, PE flexible, présente 3 régimes déjà connus : a=1/2 -régime semi-dilué- a=1/4 -régime concentré- un régime « ionomère » aux plus fortes concentrations pour lequel a=0. Le PDADMAC, PE semi-flexible, présente un comportement plus original puisque 4 régimes se succèdent : régimes semi-dilué et concentré avec a=1/2 et 1/4, puis deux régimes pour lesquels a=1 puis 1/2 qui sont totalement inédits. Le PaMSS, de rigidité intrinsèque intermédiaire, présente un comportement ambivalent, puisque les régimes semi-dilué et concentré précèdent un régime où a=1, puis un comportement « ionomère ». Nous introduisons un modèle simple permettant d'interpréter la succession des régimes a=1 puis 1/2 par l'apparition d'un ordre d'orientation. Nous discutons aussi les différences observées par DXPA et DNPA, et le rôle de la force ionique, variée par ajout de sel.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The structure of concentrated polyelectrolyte (PE) solutions is studied. There is a lack of experimental data on these systems. Specifically, no orientational order has ever been observed in solutions of flexible or semi-flexible PE, even though the existence of a nematic phase has been theoretically predicted at high concentration. We have measured the position q* in the reciprocal space of the peak that is present in the correlation function of aqueous solutions of highly charged PE, obtained by scattering measurements (SAXS and SANS). We combined high spatial resolution and a very wide concentration range to compare the variation of q* versus the concentration c, with the predicted scaling laws q*~ca. The intrinsic stiffness of PE is the key parameter of our study. Indeed, PSS, a flexible PE, exhibits 3 regimes already described: a=1/2 -semi-dilute regime- a=1/4 -concentrated regime- an “ionomeric” regime at extreme concentrations, for which a=0. PDADMAC is semi-flexible and exhibits a unique series of exponents involving 4 regimes: semi-dilute and concentrated regimes with a=1/2 and 1/4, followed by 2 regimes associated with a=1 and 1/2 respectively, which are new and unpredicted for PE solutions. PaMSS has an intermediate intrinsic stiffness, and exhibits hybrid behaviour. The semi-dilute and concentrated regimes are followed by an a=1 regime, and then an “ionomeric” regime for extreme concentrations. We introduce a simple model which explains the succession of the a=1 and 1/2 regimes as the appearance of an orientational order. We also discuss the differences between SAXS and SANS measurements, and the role played by the ionic strength, when salt is added.</dcterms:abstract>
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