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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Structure et stabilité des réseaux lamellaires gélifiés</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Tensioactif anionique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rhéologie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Stabilité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Percolation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Anionic surfactant</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Fatty alcohol</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ionic strength</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rheology</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Stability</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse apporte une nouvelle vision de la structure des réseaux lamellaires gélifiés. Les systèmes étudiés, choisis pour des applications cosmétiques, sont basés sur des mélanges d’alcools cétéaryliques, de tensioactifs esters de phosphate et d’eau. À l’aide de nombreuses méthodes analytiques, nous avons prouvé que la formation d’une structure lamellaire est possible à des forces ioniques allant jusqu’à 2.2 mol∙L-1. Pour la première fois, un comportement de percolation élastiqueest rapporté en fonction de la concentration en alcools gras et tensioactifs. Le seuil au-dessus duquel un réseau percolé apparaît est ici à 3 % et est indépendant de la force ionique et de la présence de longues chaînes d’oxyde de polyéthylène ancrées dans les bicouches. Au-dessus de 3 %, les systèmes passent de structures vésiculaires unilamellaires à des paquets plans de lamelles, qui forment un réseau tridimensionnel pouvant contenir d’importantes quantités de solution aqueuse. L’impact de la force ionique, de la présence d’oxyde de polyéthylène et de la nature des contre-ions sur lespropriétés rhéologiques et sur la stabilité de la formulation est ensuite étudié. Une augmentation inhabituelle du module élastique et de l’énergie de cohésion est observée lorsque la force ionique est accrue. L’addition d’oxyde de polyéthylène, à l’inverse, diminue d’un ordre de magnitude les valeurs du module élastique du réseau. Les systèmes étudiés sont stables à l'échelle macroscopique et on peut distinguer dans le gel, selon sa mobilité : l’eau fixée entre lamelles, l’eau restreinte en troisdimensions et l’eau libre, extractible par ultracentrifugation.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This Ph.D. brings new insights into the structure of lamellar gel networks. The systems studied are relevant for cosmetic applications and based on a mixture of cetearyl alcohols, phosphates esters surfactants and water. Using several analytical methods, we show that the formation of a lamellar gel structure is possible up to the ionic strength of 2.2 mol∙L-1. For the first time for such systems, an elastic percolation behavior as a function of the concentration of fatty alcohols and surfactants isreported. The threshold above which a percolated network is formed is found here at 3 % and appears to be independent of the ionic strength and of the presence of long polyethylene oxide chains between the bilayers. Above 3 %, the systems transform from unilamellar vesicle-like structures towards planar stacks of lamellae, connected together in a three dimensional network,that can hold large amounts of aqueous solution. The impact of the ionic strength, of polyethylene oxide chains and of the nature of the counterions on the rheological properties and on the stability of the formulation is then investigated. When the ionic strength is raised, an unusual increase of the elastic modulus and of the cohesive energy of the network is observed. At the opposite, the addition of polyethylene oxide chains decreases of one order of magnitude the values of the elastic modulus,leading to much softer networks. All systems studied are macroscopically stable and one finds in the gel, according to water mobility: interlamellar fixed water, water restricted in three dimensions and free water, drainable by ultracentrifugation.</dcterms:abstract>
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