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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Vers une étude approfondie des protéomes : caractérisation des extrémités N-terminales des protéines</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Towards an in-depth analysis of proteomes : characterization of protein n-termini</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Protéomique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Protéolyse</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Clivage protéomytique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modifications post-traductionnelles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">TMPP</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mitochondrie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Plasmodium falciparum</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Paludisme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Proteomics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Proteolysis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Protease cleavage</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Post-translational modifications</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mitochondria</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Plasmodium falciparum</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons développé et optimisé une stratégie originale pour la caractérisation des extrémités N-terminales des protéines et des sites de clivages protéolytiques. Elle s’appuie sur la dérivation chimique spécifique des amines N-terminales et nous l’avons adapté à différents types d’échantillons biologiques. L’application de cette stratégie dans des études en biologie nous a permis d’apporter plusieurs éléments de réponse à différentes problématiques. Nous avons ainsi caractérisé les peptides de transit des protéines mitochondriales humaines et ainsi validé/corrigé expérimentalement leurs prédictions dans les banques de données. Nous avons aussi appliqué cette stratégie à l’étude du protéome du parasite P. falciparum. La mise au point de la dérivation N-terminale de protéines immobilisées dans un gel SDS PAGE nous a permis d’étudier le mécanisme d’export des protéines de ce parasite vers sa cellule hôte et de déterminer le rôle des acides aminés impliqués dans cet export. Un réactif de dérivation marqué aux isotopes stables permet d’effectuer des études différentielles des processus protéolytiques que subissent les protéines. Cette stratégie quantitative a été appliquée à l’étude du protéome hépatique du rat soumis au jeûne expérimental. D’autres applications de l’analyse protéomique en biologie sont aussi présentées dans ce manuscrit.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In this manuscript, we describe the development and the optimization of an original strategy for the characterization of protein N-termini and protease cleavage sites. The strategy is based on specific chemical derivation of alpha-amines. We applied this method to the characterization of mitochondrial proteins’ transit peptides which allowed us to experimentally validate/correct their prediction in protein databases. In another study, the strategy was applied to the analysis of the proteome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The optimization of ingel N-terminal derivation and its application to the study of parasite exported proteins allowed us to determine the role of implicated amino acid residues in the signaling and export mechanism of these proteins to the host cell. To enable differential studies of proteolysis, we introduced an isotope labeled derivation reagent. This quantitative method was applied in the context of a study of the rat liver proteome after experimental long-term fasting. Other applications of proteomics in biology are also presented in this manuscript.</dcterms:abstract>
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