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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Conception et synthèse de nouvelles classes d'iminosucres d'intérêt thérapeutique : chimie click, multivalence et maladies génétiques rares</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Design and synthesis of novel classes of iminosugars of therapeutic interest : click chemistry, multivalency and rare genetic diseases</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Iminosucres</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Chaperons pharmacologiques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Inhibiteurs de glycosidases</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Multivalence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Maladies lysosomales</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mucoviscidose</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cyclodextrines</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pharmacological chaperones</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Glycosidase inhibitors</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Multivalency</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lysosomal diseases</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gauchers's disease</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cystic fibrosis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Click chemistry</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Récemment, le concept de chaperon pharmacologique a émergé pour le traitement des maladies lysosomales. Comme inhibiteurs réversibles de glycosidases mutantes impliquées dans ces maladies, les chaperons pharmacologiques sont capables, à des concentrations sub-inhibitrices, de sauver ces enzymes des mécanismes de destruction du réticulum endoplasmique (RE). Ainsi, une partie de l’activité enzymatique est restaurée. Les iminosucres sont connus pour être une classe importante de chaperons pharmacologiques. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, de nouvelles classes d’iminosucres mono- et multivalents ont été conçues et synthétisées. Nos objectifs étaient de mettre en évidence de nouveaux chaperons pour la β-glucocérébrosidase, impliquée dans la maladie de Gaucher, mais également d’identifier de nouveaux inhibiteurs des α-glucosidases du RE impliquées dans la destruction de la protéine déficiente chez les malades atteints de la mucoviscidose. Plusieurs stratégies ont été mises en œuvre: l’utilisation d’une méthodologie de diamination d’alcènes pallado-catalysée, d’une méthodologie permettant la synthèse rapide d’une bibliothèque de composés iminosucres par chimie click ou encore de la multivalence. Une étude poussée sur la multivalence et l’inhibition de glycosidases a également été réalisée en faisant varier des paramètres clés de la multivalence tels que la valence, la charpente, le linker, ou encore la nature des ligands iminosucres. Le premier exemple d’un effet multivalent puissant jusqu’à quatre ordre de grandeur sur l’inhibition de glycosidases a été mis en évidence avec des systèmes iminosucres multivalents basés sur des charpentes de type β-cyclodextrine et fullerène C60.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Recently an innovative concept for the treatment of lysosomal diseases as emerged called pharmacological chaperone. Pharmacological chaperones are reversible inhibitors of the deficient glycosidases involved in these diseases. These molecules are able, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, to stabilize the enzymes and rescue them from the destruction by the quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum. A part of the catalytic activity of the enzyme could be restored. Iminosugars are known to be an important class of pharmaceutical chaperones. During this PhD work, novel classes of mono- and multivalent iminosugars were designed and synthesized in order to identify novel pharmacological chaperones for the glycosidase: β-glucocerebrosidase involved in Gaucher’s disease and novel inhibitors of the α-glucosidases involved in the destruction of the defective protein delF508CFTR in cystic fibrosis. Several strategies were applied to achieve this aim. These strategies consist in the use of a synthetic methodology of palladium catalyzed alkenes diamination, the use of an efficient methodology to synthesize a library of novel iminosugars by click chemistry and the use of multivalency. A full study on the impact of multivalency on glycosidases inhibition was also completed by changing crucial structural parameters including valency, scaffold, linker and ligand. The first strong multivalent effect on glycosidases inhibition up to four orders of magnitude was reported with multivalent iminosugars based on β-cyclodextrin or C60 fullerene cores.</dcterms:abstract>
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