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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Rôle du récepteur nucléaire Rev-erba dans les mécanismes d'anticipation des repas et le métabolisme</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Role of the nuclear receptor Rev-erb alpha in circadian food anticipation and metabolism</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rev-erb alpha</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Gène d'horloge</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Horloge alimentaire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Métabolisme lipidique et glucidique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Lipoprotéine lipase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Obésité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Anticipation de l'heure des repas</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rev-erb alpha</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Food-entrainable oscillator</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lipid metabolism</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Obesity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lipoprotein lipase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Respiratory quotient</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Clock gene</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La première partie de mon travail de thèse a été de définir le rôle joué par le récepteur nucléaire Rev-erb alpha dans les mécanismes de synchronisation par la nourriture d’une horloge circadienne putative, non encore localisée, appelée « horloge alimentaire ». La seconde partie de mon travail a consisté à étudier la participation de Rev-erb alpha dans les régulations des métabolismes glucidique et lipidique. L’ensemble de nos données indique que le répresseur transcriptionnel Rev-erb alpha joue un rôle charnière dans les fonctions circadiennes ainsi que dans le métabolisme. En effet, d’un point de vue circadien, l’absence de Rev-erb alpha altère la synchronisation à l’heure des repas – démontré par une réduction des sorties comportementales et physiologiques de l’horloge alimentaire, ainsi que par l’absence d’ajustement du rythme de la protéine d’horloge PER2 dans l’oscillateur cérébelleux. Sur le plan métabolique, la délétion de ce gène modifie notamment le métabolisme des lipides – démontré par une accumulation excessive de tissu adipeux, une utilisation préférentielle des acides gras, ainsi qu’une perte de contrôle de l’expression de la Lipoprotéine lipase.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The work performed during this PhD thesis aimed at investigating the role of the transcriptional silencer Rev-erbα in both the circadian clockwork of the food-entrainable oscillator and metabolic regulations. Firstly, by evaluating food-anticipatory components in animals fed once a day at the same time, we showed that mice lacking Rev-erbα display a reduction in locomotor activity prior to food access compared to littermate controls. Accordingly, the rises in body temperature and corticosterone that anticipate mealtime are also diminished. Interestingly, daily p-ERK expression in hypothalamic regions and daily PER2 expression in the cerebellum of Rev-erbα KO mice are not phase-adjusted to feeding time. These results indicate that Rev-erbα participates in the integration of feeding signals and in food-seeking behaviors. Secondly, by investigating energy balance in fasted, normal chow or high-fat fed animals, we revealed that Rev-erbα KO mice exhibit greater reliance on lipid fuels as energy substrates, contributing to a mild hyperglycemic state. We also found that Lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) expression, is strongly up-regulated in peripheral tissues of Rev-erbα KO mice, predisposing mice to obesity. In this regard, we uncovered a new molecular pathway that ties clock-driven Lpl expression to energy homeostasis. These findings highlight the significance of daily Rev-erbα oscillations to prevent the appearance of the metabolic syndrome.In conclusion, we provide evidence that REV-ERBα may be a part of the food-entrainable oscillator clockwork that triggers food-anticipatory components, and represents a pivotal player to link the core clock machinery to metabolic pathways.</dcterms:abstract>
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