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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Infection des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes par le VIH : mécanisme d'inhibition par les anticorps et étude des modifications fonctionnelles</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Infection of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by HIV : mechanism of antibody-mediated inhibition and study of functional modifications</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">VIH-1</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Anticorps neutralisants</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Plasmacytoid dendritic cells</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="030715059" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Anticorps anti-VIH</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes (pDC) sont infectées par le VIH-1 et la diminution de leur nombre dans la circulation sanguine est corrélée avec la virémie des patients. Au cours de mes travaux de thèse, nous avons montré que les anticorps neutralisants (AcN) spécifiques du VIH-1 inhibent l’infection des pDC par des isolats primaires de VIH-1. Contrairement aux mDC, le mécanisme d’inhibition de l’infection des pDC est indépendant du RFcγII présent à leur surface. En parallèle, nos résultats indiquent que les pDC produisent de l’interféron-α et d’autres cytokines et chimiokines en réponse au VIH-1, même lorsque l’infection des cellules est inhibée par les AcN. Enfin, nous avons observé l’inhibition du transfert en cis et en trans du VIH-1 des pDC aux lymphocytes T CD4 par les AcN.Dans un contexte d’induction d’AcN par vaccination, l’inhibition de la réplication du VIH-1 dans les pDC associé au maintien de la sécrétion de cytokines pro-inflammatoire par ces cellules pourrait favoriser l’élimination du virus et ralentir sa dissémination dans l’organisme.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are able to replicate HIV-1, and the decrease of pDC number in blood is correlated with HIV-1 viremia in patients. During my thesis, we showed that HIV-1-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAb) inhibited the infection of pDC by HIV-1primary isolates. Unlike mDC, the mechanism of inhibition of pDC infection was independent of FcγRII expressed on these cells. In parallel, our results indicated that pDC produce interferon-α and other cytokines and chemokines in response to HIV-1, even when HIV-1 infection of these cells was inhibited by NAb. Finally, we showed that NAb were able to inhibit HIV-1 transfer in cis and trans from pDC to CD4 T cells.In the context of antibodies induction by vaccination, the inhibition of HIV-1 replication in pDC associated with the maintenance of pro-inflammatory cytokines released by these cells may help to eliminate the virus and impede its dissemination in the body.</dcterms:abstract>
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