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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Biodistribution et toxcité respiratoires des nanotubes de carbone chez la souris normale et dans un modèle murin d'asthme allergique</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nanotechnologies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nanotubes de carbone</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Avec l'essor des nanotechnologies, se pose la question de la toxicité respiratoire et de l'impact des nanoparticules manufacturées sur des pathologies respiratoires telles que l’asthme allergique. Cette thèse a eu pour but d’étudier la toxicité respiratoire des nanotubes de carbone (NTC), figure emblématique des nanotechnologies, en lien avec leur biodistribution, chez la souris normale et dans un modèle murin d’asthme. Ce travail a porté sur des NTC à parois multiples, qui représentent plus de 95% de la production industrielle de NTC. Nos travaux ont montré que ces NTC se distribuent de façon uniforme dans les voies respiratoires de la souris, qu’ils sont internalisés par différentes cellulesrésidantes ou infiltrées (macrophages, pneumocytes de type II, neutrophiles), et qu'ils sont capables, en fonction de la dose et de la durée d'exposition, d'induire une inflammation et un remodelage des voies aériennes. Nos données ont également montré que ces NTC peuvent promouvoir la réponse à un allergène, les cellules épithéliales jouant un rôle dans cet effet. Ainsi, l’exposition aux NTC pourrait représenter un risque pour la santé respiratoire des sujets sains, mais également des sujets asthmatiques.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">With the development of nanotechnologies, the question arises about the respiratory toxicity and the impact of the manufactured nanoparticles on the respiratory diseases such as allergic asthma. The aim of this thesis was to study the respiratory toxicity and biodistribution of carbon nanotubes (CNT), which are emblematic figures of nanotechnologies, in normal mice and in a murine asthma model. This work was conducted on multi-walled CNT, which represent more than 95% of the industrial production of CNT. Our data showed that CNT distribute uniformly in the mouse airways, that they areinternalized by different resident and infiltrated cells (macrophages, type II pneumocytes, neutrophils), and that they are able, according to the dose and duration of exposure, to induce an inflammatory response and a tissue remodeling. Our data also showed that CNT can promote the response to an allergen, and suggested that epithelial cells play a role in this effect. Thus, exposure to CNT could represent a risk for the respiratory health of healthy subjects and asthmatics.</dcterms:abstract>
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