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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Nouveaux acteurs à l'interface de la transcription et de la réparation</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">New players at the interface between transcription and DNA repair</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Methyltransférase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">DOT1L</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">DDR</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">NER</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Chromatine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Methyltransferase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">DOT1L</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031437257" autoriteSource="Sudoc">ADN -- Réparation</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les résultats du criblage siRNA destiné à identifier de nouveaux acteurs de la NER, sont en court d’exploitation mais nous mettons déjà en évidence le rôle de certains gènes impliqués dans la biochimie des ARNm comme ceux empêchant la formation des hybrides ARN/ADN dans l’efficacité de réparation des lésions UV. En étudiant le rôle de la methyltransférase DOT1L, nous avons montré que son absence dans des fibroblastes embryonnaires de souris (MEFDOT1L) conduit à une sensibilité de ces cellules aux irradiations UV alors que la réparation des lésions produites par cette irradiation est intacte. L’absence de DOT1L conduit en réalité à une inhibition de l’initiation de la transcription des gènes après irradiation. Au niveau mécanistique, des expériences de STRIP-FRAP ont établit que DOT1L assurait l’association de l'ARN polymérase II à la chromatine après irradiation UV. Dans une analyse plus détaillée, nous avons montré que DOT1L favorisait la formation du complexe de pré-initiation au niveau du promoteur des gènes de ménage ainsi que l'apparition de marques d’euchromatine transcriptionnellement actives. Bien que l'expression des gène de ménage soit inhibée, une analyse transcriptomique montre que les gènes pro-apoptotiques sont fortement transactivés chez les MEFDOT1L après irradiation. Le traitement à la trichostatine A, qui relaxe la chromatine, diminue la transactivation des gènes apoptotiques et restore l’initiation de la transcription et la survie aux UV. Sur la base de ces données, nous proposons que DOT1L garde structure de la chromatine ouverte après UV.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">As a result of siRNA screening we identified new players at the interface between NER machinery and chromatin. Despite it is ongoing study we already highlighted that certain genes which are involved in the biochemistry of mRNA such as splicing and preventing the formation of RNA:DNA hybrids are important for efficient repair of UV damage. Studying the role of histone H3 lysine 79 methyltransferase DOT1L, we have shown that its absence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts leads to high sensitivity of these cells to UV irradiation while the repair of lesions produced by UV irradiation remains intact. The absence of DOT1L leads to an inhibition of the initiation of gene transcription after UV irradiation. At the mechanistic level, STRIP-FRAP experiments have established that DOT1L assured the association of RNA polymerase II to the chromatin after UV irradiation. In a more detailed analysis, we show that DOT1L favors the formation of pre-initiation complex at the promoter of housekeeping genes as well as the appearance of marks of the transcriptionally active euchromatin. Although the expression of the housekeeping gene is inhibited, a transcriptomic analysis shows that the proapoptotic genes are highly transactivated in DOT1L depleted cells after UV irradiation. Treatment with trichostatin A, which relaxes the chromatin, lowers the transactivation of proapoptotic genes and restores the transcription initiation as well as cell survival after UV. On the basis of these data, we propose that DOT1L keeps the opened chromatin structure after UV irradiation.</dcterms:abstract>
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