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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Rôle de DICER dans la pathogénèse aux infections par les Herpesviridae</dc:title>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Dans les organismes multicellulaires, la régulation de l’expression des gènes par les microARNs est un mécanisme essentiel pour le développement cellulaire et l’homéostasie. De plus, le rôle des microARNs a été démontré dans de nombreux processus immunitaires, tels que l’inflammation. Les virus évoluant conjointement avec leurs hôtes, ils ont appris à détourner la machinerie cellulaire pour leur propre bénéfice. Ainsi, des microARNs codés par certains génomes viraux ont été mis en évidence, mais leurs fonctions, ainsi que leurs cibles, restent encore largement inconnues. En utilisant une lignée de souris présentant une mutation hypomorphe pour le gène dicer, caractérisée par une diminution de la production des microARNs, et son hôte naturel, le cytomégalovirus murin, un virus membre de la famille des β-Herpesvirus, nous avons étudié le rôle potentiel des microARNs d’origine cellulaire et virale dans la pathogénèse de ce virus. Lors de l’infection aigüe, nos résultats montrent un rôle dominant et protecteur des microARNs cellulaires, comparé à celui des microARNs viraux, prédits pour être des facteurs de pathogénicité.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In multicellular organisms, gene expression regulation by microRNAs is an essential mechanism for cell development and homeostasis. Moreover, several immune-related processes, such as inflammation, have been demonstrated to require specific microRNAs. As viruses have coevolved with their host, they have learned to hijack the cellular defenses for their own benefit. Thus microRNAs-encoding genes were also recently discovered in the genome of Herpesviruses, but up to now, the function and the targets of most microRNAs of viral origin are still largely unknown. Using a hypomorphic mouse mutant line, characterized by a diminished production of microRNAs, and the Mouse Cytomegalovirus, a natural pathogen of mice which belongs to the family of β-Herpesviruses, we investigated the potential roles of microRNAs of both cellular and viral origin in the pathogenesis of this virus. Our results point toward a dominant role of cellular microRNAs as protective factors compared to virally-derived microRNAs which are usually predicted to carry pathogenic functions in acute infections.</dcterms:abstract>
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