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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Rôle des mastocytes dans le développement des astrocytomes humains : implication du récepteur CD47</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Role of mast cells in the development of human astrocytomas : involvement of CD47 receptor</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Inflammation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mastocytes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Astrocytomes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">CD47</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microenvirennement inflammatoire tumoral</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Prolifération</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Inflammatory cells</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Human glioma and mast cells</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Astrocytomas</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">CD47</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Tumor inflammatory Microenvironment</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Proliferation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Des études suggèrent que les cellules inflammatoires joueraient un rôle initiateur du cancer et contribueraient activement à son développement. Mes travaux se focalisent sur l’étude des gliomes humains et les mastocytes. Les gliomes sont les tumeurs les plus fréquentes du SNC. Les mastocytes constituent des cellules d’intérêt dans l’étude du microenvironnement inflammatoire des tumeurs. Grâce à une technique de coculture mastocytes/astrocytomes nous avons montré que les mastocytes induisent la prolifération des astrocytomes humains et n’ont pas d’effet sur les astrocytes. Cet effet prolifératif nécessite un contact direct entre les deux types cellulaires (ce qui suggère l’implication de molécules d’adhérence) et est dépendant de la sécrétion de l’IL6. Aussi avons-nous ciblé le couple CD47/SIRPα et le couple CD40/CD40L qui sont impliqués dans le contrôle de la balance prolifération/apoptose ou/et la sécrétion de médiateurs de l’inflammation. L’activation du récepteur CD47 dans les astrocytomes humains favorise leur prolifération. La voie de signalisation intracellulaire implique le dimère βγ des protéines G, une activation consécutive de la voie PI3K/Akt, une surexpression de la protéine UHRF1 accompagnée d’une diminution de l’expression du GST p16INK4A. Il semblerait également que l’activation du récepteur CD47 induise une translocation de NF-κB et l’expression de gènes de cytokines en particulier l’IL-6 qui contribuerait à la prolifération des astrocytomes. Cette voie de signalisation n’est pas activée dans les astrocytes. En coculture l’augmentation de la prolifération des astrocytomes est accompagnée d’une diminution de l’expression de CD47 et son ligand SIRPα. Ces effets sont accompagnés par une phosphorylation d’Akt et ERK. Nous avons également montré que l’activation du récepteur CD40 favorise la prolifération des astrocytomes via la voie de l’IL6.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Studies suggest that inflammatory cells play an initiating role of cancer and would contribute actively to its development. My work focused on the study of human glioma and mast cells. Gliomas are the most frequent tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Mast cells are cells of interest in the study of Tumor inflammatory Microenvironment. Using the technique of coculture: mast cells/astrocytomas we have shown that mast cells induce the proliferation of human astrocytomas and have no effect on astrocytes. The proliferative effect requires a direct contact between the two cell types (which suggests the involvement of adhesion molecules) and is dependent on the secretion of the IL6. We also targeted the CD47/SIRPα and CD40/CD40L interactions who are involved in the control of the proliferation/apoptosis balance or / and the secretion of mediators of inflammation. Activation of the CD47 receptor in human astrocytomas enhances their proliferation. Intracellular signaling pathway involves the βγ dimer of G-protein and consecutive activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Activation of CD47 induces overexpression of the UHRF1 protein, this increase of UHRF1 accompanied by a decrease in the expression of the tumor suppressor gene (p16INK4A). It would also appear that CD47 receptor activation induces a translocation of NF - κB and the expression of genes of cytokines particularly IL-6 which would contribute to the proliferation of astrocytomas. This signalling pathway is not enabled in astrocytes. In coculture, the proliferation of astrocytomas is accompanied by a decrease in CD47 expression and its ligand SIRPα. These effects are accompanied by a phosphorylation of Akt and ERK. We have also shown that activation of CD40 receptor promotes the proliferation of astrocytomas via the IL-6 dependent pathway.</dcterms:abstract>
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