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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation fonctionnelle de gènes impliqués dans le développement du pollen chez Arabidopsis thaliana</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Functional characterisation of genes involved in pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Paroi</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pollen</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Exine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polykétide</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Metabolon</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polymère</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réseau</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Métabolique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Wall</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pollen</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Exine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polyketide</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Metabolon</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polymer</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Network</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Metabolic</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="033535930" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Sporopollénine</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031458076" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Acétogénines</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027844684" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Paroi cellulaire végétale</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le polymère de sporopollénine est un constituant majeur de l’exine, la partie externe de la paroi du grain de pollen. Son exceptionnelle résistance permet de les protéger des stress environnementaux de nature mécanique ou chimique. Il constitue une des clefs de la colonisation du milieu terrestre par les plantes. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai caractérisé deux Polykétide Synthases (PKS-A et PKS-B) et deux Tétrakétide α-Pyrone Réductases (TKPR1 et TKPR2) d’Arabidopsis thaliana. Par immunolocalisation, hybridation in situ et des études de microscopie j’ai montré que ces protéines intervenaient dans la synthèse de la paroi pollinique. In vitro, les deux PKS catalysent la condensation de 2 ou 3 molécules de malonyl-CoA sur différents esters de CoA d’acide gras pour former les tri et tétrakétide α-pyrones correspondants, substrat de TKPR1 et TKPR2. In vitro, celles-ci réduisent la fonction cétone en alcool secondaire formant des composés hydroxylés, précurseurs du polymère de sporopollénine. Dans les cellules du tapétum, la synthèse des monomères de sporopollénine se déroule en quelques heures seulement. Par immunodétection et en fusionnant les protéines à la GFP, j’ai montré que ces enzymes se trouvent à la surface du réticulum endoplasmique à l’exception de TKPR2. Des expériences de HIS-pull-down, de FLIM-FRET et de double hybride nous ont ensuite permis de suggérer que ces protéines forment un métabolon. L’identification de gènes homologues dans de nombreuses espèces végétales y compris une mousse révèle que nous avons identifié une voie métabolique très ancienne conservée au sein des angiospermes.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">.onferes a high degree of resistance to various mechanical and chemical stresses. During the evolution, this properties enabled the plant to adapat to land conditions. We caracterized two Polyketide Sythases (PKSA and PKSB) and two Tetraketide -pyrone Reductases (TKPR1 and TKPR2). By immunolocalisation, in situ hybridization and microscopy analysis we showed those proteins are involved in the pollen wall synthesis.We investigated the in vitro activity of the recombinant proteins and showed that the two PKS catalyzed the condensation of 2 or 3 malonyl-CoA with various fatty acid CoA esters, producing the corresponding tri and tetraketides. We also demonstrated that the tetraketides produced by PKS were substrates of the TKPR1 and TKPR2. In vitro, they reduced the cetone function of the lateral chain to a secondary alcohol forming hydroxylated compounds involved in the polymerization of sporopollenin.In tapetum cells, the synthesis of sporopollenin monomers is achieved in a few hours. To explain the underlying metabolic rate, I studied the cellular organization of the metabolic pathway. By immunodetection and GFP fusion experiments I localized PKSA, PKSB and TKPR1 to the endoplasmic reticulum while TKPR2 was mainly cytosolic. Then, interaction studies by HIS pull-down, FLIM-FRET and double hybride experiments showed the occurrence of a metabolon localized to the ER. Finally, by phylogenetic analysis, we showed the conservation of the genes involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis pathway, from mosses to higher plants.</dcterms:abstract>
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