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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Acétylation des histones au cours des processus de mémorisation : influence du vieillissement et de l'environnement enrichi</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hippocampe</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Acétylation des histones</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Vieillissement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Environnement enrichi</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Memory</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hippocampus</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Histone acetylation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ageing</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Environmental enrichment</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La formation de souvenirs nécessite la mise en place de programmes génétiques dans l’hippocampe. L’activation de la transcription de gènes impliqués dans les processus de plasticité comme le bdnf s’effectue, au moins en partie, via l’acétylation des histones, mécanisme qui permet des changements de la structure de la chromatine. Nos résultats soulignent l’existence d’une régulation spécifique et différentielle de l’acétylation des histones dans l’hippocampe de rongeurs adultes en fonction du type d’information à traiter. Les acétylations des histones H2B et H4 sont spécifiques de l’apprentissage d’une tâche (MWM, CFC) alors que celle de l’histone H3 semble plus sensible au contexte environnemental. Il est par ailleurs décrit que le vieillissement ainsi que l’environnement enrichi (EE) sont des facteurs susceptibles d’induire des changements d’acétylation des histones, aboutissant respectivement à la répression et à l’activation de gènes de « mémoire ». Nos études mettent en évidence qu’un EE de 6 mois, même appliqué à des rats âgés de 18 mois qui présentent déjà des déficits mnésiques, est capable d’induire des modifications durables de la structure de la chromatine par l’intermédiaire de H3. En favorisant l’expression de gènes comme le bdnf, ces changements participent au maintien des capacités mnésiques, normalement perdues chez le Rat âgé de 24 mois. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats soulignent l’importance des mécanismes liés aux acétylations des histones dans les processus mnésiques et indiquent que ces régulations restent modulables au cours de la vie, permettant d’envisager d’éventuelles options thérapeutiques dans des conditions de vieillissement pathologique.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Hippocampal-dependent memory formation is associated with the establishment of specific genetic programs in the rat hippocampus. This transcriptional activation of genes involved in synaptic plasticity and memory processes, like bdnf, can in part be attributable to histone acetylation-related mechanisms, allowing dynamic chromatin structure changes. Our results indicate a specific and differential regulation of histone acetylation in young rodents hippocampus depending on the nature of the stimuli. In fact, H2B and H4 acetylations are specific to rats having learnt a task (MWM, CFC), whereas H3 acetylation seems to be more sensitive to the environmental context. Besides, it is known that ageing and environmental enrichment (EE) are factors able to modulate histone acetylation, leading respectively to repression and activation of memory-related genetic programs. Here, we showed that an EE of 6 months, even applied to 18 month-old rats, which already present memory deficits, is able to induce persistent chromatin structure modifications through H3. By favoring the expression of genes as bdnf, these changes could participate in the preservation of memory abilities, which are normally lost in 24 month-old rats. The precise identification of regulating elements located on the bdnf promoter brings new data about the potential factors involved in the transcriptional response following EE, e.g. CREB and NFκB. Altogether, our results confirm the role of histone acetylation in memory processes and underline that these regulations remain flexible during life, thus highlighting possible therapeutic strategies in pathological ageing conditions.</dcterms:abstract>
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