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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Sondes fluorescentes membranaires ratiométriques pour l'étude des changements d'ordre lipidique lors de l'apoptose et de l'endocytose</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Ratiometric fluorescent membrane probes sensitive to lipid composition as tools for studies of lipid order, apoptosis and endocytosis</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sondes fluorescentes membranaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Membrane plasmique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">3-hydroxyflavone</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">NR12S</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cholesterol</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Fluorescent probes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biomembrane</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">3-hydroxyflavone</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cholesterol</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="033816913" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Apoptose</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les techniques de fluorescence sont très puissantes pour l'étude des processus biologiques. Les applications de ces techniques requièrent une amélioration constante des sondes fluorescentes, avec un intérêt particulier pour les sondes sensibles à l’environnement. Le but de ce travail était de caractériser et d'appliquer de nouvelles sondes fluorescentes pour l’étude des biomembranes. A cet effet, deux familles de sondes ont été pris en compte. La première famille (F2N12S, F46NS et F66NS) est basée sur le fluorophore 3- hydroxyflavone, qui est caractérisé par une émission duale due à une réaction de transfert de proton à l’état excité. Ces sondes permettent la caractérisation des propriétés de leur environnement par le rapport d’intensité de leurs deux bandes (N*/T*). La seconde famille est basée sur le fluorophore hautement solvatochromique Rouge Nil (NR12S), présentant une seule bande d'émission permettant une mesure ratiométrique à partir des deux bords du spectre. Les propriétés de ces sondes ont été caractérisées dans des modèles lipidiques, puis dans ses membranes plasmiques de cellules eucaryotes vivantes en utilisant diverses techniques de fluorescence (la spectroscopie de fluorescence, la microscopie et la cytométrie de flux). Par la suite, ces sondes ont été utilisées pour l’étude de l’ordre lipidique membranaire en réponse à divers stimuli. Ces sondes sont capables de mettre en évidence et suivre les changements de la membrane plasmique de la cellule au cours de l'apoptose. En outre, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle application de la sonde NR12S, qui est lesuivi de l’ordre lipidique des compartiments endocytaires au cours de la maturation des endosomes. Par conséquent, les sondes fluorescentes membranaires décrites apparaissent comme de bons outils pour caractériser les propriétés physico-chimiques de la membrane et la relation entre la phase lipidique et les phénomènes physiologiques comme l'apoptose et l'endocytose.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Fluorescence techniques are powerful tools for studying biological processes. Therefore, the need for improved fluorescent probes used with these techniques continuously increases. The task of the present work was to characterize and to apply new fluorescent probes for biomembrane studies. For this purpose, two families of environment-sensitive probes have been considered. The first family is based on the 3-hydroxyflavone fluorophore (F2N12S, F46NS and F66NS). These dyes undergo an excited state intramolecular proton transfer reaction leading to their dual emission, highly sensitive to the environment. These probes allow the characterization of their environment properties through the ratio of intensities of their two bands (N*/T*) and present improved properties compared to F2N12S. The second family is based on the highly solvatochromic Nile Red fluorophore, exhibiting one emission band allowing a ratiometric measurement between its blue- and red-parts. We focused on one representative probe NR12S, which is a close structural analogue of F2N12S. The probe properties were characterized in lipid models, and in plasma membranes of living cells using a variety of fluorescence techniques (fluorescence spectroscopy, microscopy and flow cytometry). NR12S was then applied to study the lipid order in cell plasma membranes and its changes in response to several stimuli. Interestingly, this probes can evidence and monitor changes in the cell plasma membrane during apoptosis. Moreover, one novel application of the fluorescent membrane probe NR12S was the monitoring of lipid order in endocytic compartments during the maturation of endosomes. Thus, the described fluorescent membrane probes appear as powerful tools to determine the physico-chemical properties of the membrane and the relationship between lipid phase and physiological phenomena, such as apoptosis and endocytosis.</dcterms:abstract>
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