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<dc:title xml:lang="en">The melanopsin-dependent direct non-circadian effects of light : a third principal mechanism for the regulation of sleep and wake</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Effets directs non-circadiens de la lumière médiés par la mélanopsine : un troisième mécanisme majeur de régulation du sommeil et de l'éveil</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sommeil</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mélanopsine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rythme Circadien</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Neurobiologie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Homéostasie du sommeil</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Opn4</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Photoreception</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Neuroscience</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sleep disorders</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Melanopsin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Circadian process</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Homeostatic process</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neurobiology</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Opn4</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Photopigment</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="028694414" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Troubles du sommeil</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027868060" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Lumière -- Effets physiologiques</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027830969" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Pigments visuels</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Entre 15 et 30% de la population souffrent de troubles du sommeil, ce qui représente un enjeu majeur de santé publique et souligne la nécessité de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de régulation du sommeil. La régulation du sommeil est décrite comme un modèle à 2-processus comprenant un mécanisme circadien et homéostatique. La lumière exerce un effet sur le sommeil de deux manières distinctes: indirectement en resynchronisant l'horloge, et directement par des mécanismes qui restent mal compris. Cet effet direct est médié par des cellules spécialisées de la rétine intrinsèquement photosensibles et contenant un photopigment la mélanopsine (Opn4) mais aussi par les cônes et bâtonnets qui transfèrent l'information à ces cellules. Pour comprendre la façon dont ces effets directs influencent le sommeil et la veille, nous avons caractérisé des souris Opn4-/- et des souris sans horloge fonctionnelle (Syn10cre/creBmal1fl/-), ainsi qu’un rongeur diurne, Arvicanthis ansorgei. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient les suivants: (1) identifier les voies neuronales sous-tendant les effets directs de la lumière médiés par la mélanopsine ; (2) valider ces effets chez un rongeur diurne; (3) établir une relation entre lumière, Opn4 et homéostasie du sommeil. Ce travail a permis (1) de mettre en évidence que les effets directs de la lumière représente un troisième mécanisme majeur de régulation du sommeil permettant même de maintenir un rythme veille sommeil en l’absence d’horloge centrale (2) de démontrer que ces effets sont inversés entre espèces diurnes et nocturnes; (3) de démontrer que la mélanopsine et la lumière sont fortement liées à la modulation de l’homéostasie du sommeil.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Between 15-30% of the general population is affected by sleep disorders, representing a major public health challenge, and as such a need to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of sleep and waking. This has been previously described as a 2-process model; both a circadian and homeostatic process. Light exerts an effect on sleep and wake in two distinct ways: indirectly, through the resynchronization of the clock, and directly via mechanisms that remain poorly understood. This direct effect is primarily a result of interaction with specialized cells in the retina which are intrinsically photosensitive containing the photopigment melanopsin (Opn4) in addition to rods and cones, which to a lesser extent pass information through these cells. To understand the way in which these direct effects influence sleep and waking we characterized mice lacking Opn4, and a second group possessing a functionally disabled clock (Syn10cre/creBmal1fl/-), as well as a diurnal rodent, arvicanthis ansorgei. The aims of this study were to: (1) identify the possible neural pathways to the hypothalamus transmitting the Opn4-mediated direct effects of light; (2) validate these effects in a diurnal rodent; (3) demonstrate a biological link between light, Opn4, and sleep homeostasis. This work has provided (1) strong evidence for a third regulatory mechanism of sleep and waking (direct effects of light) that is able to maintain a sleep wake rhythm in the absence of central clock (2) an inversion of this mechanism between nocturnal and diurnal species; (3) demonstration that Opn4 and light are strongly related to the modulation of homeostatic sleep process.</dcterms:abstract>
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