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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude des mécanismes d'adhérence et d'activation des plaquettes sanguines appliquée à l'identification de nouvelles cibles anti-thrombotiques plus sûres</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Plaquettes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hémostase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Thrombose artérielle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Intégrine alpha6 beta1</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ténascine-C</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Beta-arrestine</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hemostasis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Arterial thrombosis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Integrin alpha6 beta1</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Tenascin-C</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’adhérence, l’activation et l’agrégation des plaquettes sanguines sont essentielles à l’hémostase mais peuvent également conduire à la thrombose artérielle sur plaque d’athérosclérose, aujourd’hui première cause de mortalité dans le monde. Les anti-thrombotiques actuels, dirigés contre l’activation et l’agrégation plaquettaires, ont une efficacité reconnue mais ont pour inconvénient d’augmenter le risque de saignement. L’objectif de cette thèse a été d’explorer de nouvelles stratégies réduisant la thrombose tout en préservant l’hémostase. L’utilisation de souris modifiées génétiquement a mis en évidence que l’intégrine alpha6 beta1, impliquée dans l’adhérence des plaquettes aux laminines, joue un rôle critique en thrombose expérimentale mais pas en hémostase. De plus, nous avons montré dans un système de perfusion de sang qu’une protéine préférentiellement exprimée dans les plaques d’athérosclérose, la ténascine-C, permet l’adhérence et l’activation des plaquettes. En revanche, la beta-arrestine-1, une protéine de signalisation, ne contribue que modestement aux fonctions plaquettaires et à la thrombose. En conclusion, ce travail a permis de dégager deux nouvelles pistes anti-thrombotiques potentiellement capables de préserver l’hémostase, basées sur le ciblage de l’intégrine alpha6 beta1 ou de l’interaction plaquette/ténascine-C.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Following vascular injury, blood platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation are essential for hemostasis but can also lead to arterial thrombosis, which is a leading cause of death worldwide. Current antithrombotic drugs impede platelet activation and aggregation, thereby considerably reducing cardiovascular mortality, but their use is linked to an increased bleeding risk. This thesis aimed to explore more selective strategies causing minimal perturbation of hemostasis. The use of genetically-modified mice has revealed an unsuspected important contribution of integrin alpha6 beta1, which mediates platelet adhesion to laminins, to experimental arterial thrombosis but not hemostasis. In addition, we showed that tenascin-C, an extracellular matrix protein overexpressed in atherosclerotic plaques, can support platelet adhesion and activation under flow. In contrast, the signaling protein beta-arrestin-1 does not play a major role in platelet function, hemostasis and thrombosis. In conclusion, this work provides two interesting candidates, namely integrin alpha6 beta1 and tenascin-C, to put into practice the concept of targeting thrombosis while minimally impairing hemostasis.</dcterms:abstract>
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