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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Dysfonctions vasculaire et musculaire, aiguë et chronique. Quelle place pour la modulation pharmacologique du stress oxydant ?</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Vascular and muscular dysfunctions in acute and chronic injury models. What is the place for a pharmacological modulation of oxidative stress?</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dysfonction vasculaire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dysfonction musculaire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Choc endotoxinique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Albumine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ciclosporine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Everolimus</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polyphénols</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Stress oxydant</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Vascular dysfunction</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Muscular dysfunction</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Endotoxinic shock</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Albumin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ciclosporine</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polyphenols</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le but de notre travail était l’étude des dysfonctions artérielle et musculaire dans des modèles d’agression aiguë et chronique puis l’évaluation de l’effet de la modulation pharmacologique du stress oxydant sur les anomalies vasculaires induites. Dans le modèle aigu de choc endotoxinique chez la souris, l’administration d’albumine humaine a permis d’augmenter leur survie, d’améliorer l’hyporéactivité vasculaire et la dysfonction endothéliale grâce à des propriétés ,concentration-dépendante, anti-oxydantes, modulatrices de l’inflammation, aboutissant à une diminution de l’expression de la NOS inductible et à une amélioration fonctionnelle et quantitative de la NOS endothéliale. L’administration chronique chez le rat de ciclosporine ou d’évérolimus induit une dysfonction endothéliale caractérisée par une altération de la voie de signalisation du NO et de l’EDHF et associée à une augmentation locale du stress oxydant. Au niveau musculaire cardiaque, seul l’évérolimus induit une augmentation de radicaux libres et une diminution de la respiration mitochondriale ventriculaire droite. L’administration préventive de polyphénols a permis, une amélioration de la composante EDHF de la dysfonction endothéliale, ciclosporine-induite, via une diminution de la surexpression de la NADPH oxydase et du stress oxydant vasculaire. Ainsi, le stress oxydant est une entité commune, impliquée dans la genèse de dysfonctions vasculaire et musculaire. Sa modulation par l’administration d’albumine ou de polyphénols a permis respectivement l’amélioration de l’hyporéactivité vasculaire du choc endotoxinique et de la dysfonction endothéliale dans nos deux modèles.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The aim of this work was to study the arterial and muscular dysfunctions in two rodent models of acute and chronic injuries, then the evaluation of pharmacological evaluation of oxidative stress on vascular abnormalities induced in these models.In the acute model, a mouse endotoxic shock, human serum albumin administration improved survival, endothelial dysfunction and reduced vascular hyporeactivity thanks to its concentration-dependant , anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, leading to a decrease of inductible NOS expression and an qualitative and quantitative increase of endothelial NOS.In the chronic model, rat’s administration of ciclopsorine and everolimus induced an endothelial dysfunction characterized by alterations of both NO and EDHF pathways and associated with an in situ oxidative stress. In the cardiac muscle, an increase of reactive oxygen species and a decrease of right ventricle mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities was observed only with everolimus. The preventive administration of polyphenols markedly increased the blunted EDHF component, but not the NO component, of the cyclosporine-induced endothelial dysfunction by reducing NADPH oxidase over expression and oxidative vascular stress. Finally, oxidative stress is a common entity, implicated in genesis of vascular and muscular dysfunctions. Its modulation by human albumin or polyphenols administration improves respectively arterial hyporeactivity of endotoxinic shock and endothelial dysfunction in our two models.</dcterms:abstract>
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