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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">La NAACP et le Parti communiste face à la question des droits civiques, 1929-1941</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The NAACP and the Communist Party faced with the question of the civil rights, 1929-1941</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Afro-Américains</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">New Deal</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">CIO</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">NNC</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Syndicalisme noir</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Droits civiques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Années trente</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">African-Americans</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">NAACP</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">CPUSA</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">New Deal</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">NNC</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Black syndicalism</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Civil rights</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">1930s</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse a pour objet la lutte pour les droits civiques dans la période qui va de la crise économique de 1929 jusqu'à l’entrée en guerre des États-Unis en 1941, et ce à travers l’examen du rôle joué par la National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) d’une part et le parti communiste américain (CPUSA) de l’autre. Si ces deux organisations se firent d’abord concurrence, s’opposèrent même parfois, comme ce fut le cas lors de l’affaire Scottsboro, certains rapprochements s’esquissèrent un peu plus tard, dans la période du Second New Deal, notamment à l’occasion du National Negro Congress, tandis que la syndicalisation des ouvriers noirs devenait possible grâce à la fondation d’une nouvelle confédération syndicale, le Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). La NAACP et le PCUS, deux organisations que tout semblait séparer, furent donc amenées à se « rencontrer » autour de la question noire, et à modifier sensiblement certaines habitudes, comportements, ou réflexes. Alors que la NAACP se rapprochait du peuple noir, les militants communistes, en acquérant sur le terrain une expérience concrète, aidèrent le Parti à modérer sa rhétorique révolutionnaire. On pourrait dire aussi que la concurrence entre la NAACP et le PC constitua une sorte de préfiguration du mouvement pour les droits civiques des années cinquante et soixante.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This dissertation deals with the struggle for civil rights in the 1930s – from the economic crisis of 1929 until 1941 – through an examination of the role played by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) on the one hand and the American Communist Party (CPUSA) on the other. As was evident in the Scottsboro Case, the competition between the two organizations often bordered on antagonism, even confrontation. During the Second New Deal, however, the relationship eased considerably: the National Negro Congress, and the creation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) manifested the growing visibility and acceptance of African-American demands for equality and fairness, both were a mover and a consequence of the now possible convergence of the activities of the NAACP and the PCUS. These two organizations, which had seemed so dissimilar, even irreconcilable, now came to meet around the Afro-American problem(s). While the NAACP now sought to move closer to the real-life conditions of the African-American masses, the grassroots experience gathered by committed Communists probably helped the Party and its members to alleviate their revolutionary rhetoric. One might add that the competition between the NAACP and the CP prefigured the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.</dcterms:abstract>
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