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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Evaluation biomécanique du casque de protection pour cycliste : proposition d'une nouvelle norme d'homologation</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Casque</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Traumatismes crâniens</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les traumatismes crâniens demeurent une cause de mortalité importante et entraînent des incapacités graves. La modélisation numérique est un outil moderne pour étudier la biomécanique des chocs crâniens. L’objectif principal de cette thèse a été l’évaluation biomécanique d’un casque de cycliste issu du commerce. Des tests de caractérisation ainsi que des campagnes de chocs normatifs et tangentiels ont permis le développement d’un modèle éléments-finis du casque et sa validation. Afin d’estimer le risque lésionnel encouru lors de chocs réalistes, le modèle de casque a été couplé à un modèle de tête anatomique et différents paramètres intracrâniens ont été calculés. Les valeurs obtenues pour ces paramètres se sont révélées supérieures aux limites de tolérance. Fort de ces constats, une réflexion en profondeur sur la norme EN1078 actuelle a été menée et pour laquelle des modifications ont été proposées afin que le casque protège la tête de façon optimale vis-à-vis de critères biomécaniques.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Traumatic head injuries remain a common cause of death and severe disabilities worldwide. FE modeling of the head is a well accepted tool to study head impact biomechanics. The objective of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the head protection capability offered by a commercial bicycle helmet. Experimental characterization tests, standard and tangential impacts were performed to develop and validate the finite element helmet model. In order to estimate the injury risk sustained in case of realistic head impacts, the helmet model has been coupled to an anatomical head and intracranial parameters were computed. Calculated values were higher than published tolerance limits. An in-deep investigation of the current EN1078 European standard was then carried out and relevant modifications were proposed to assess and optimize bicycle helmets against biomechanical criteria.</dcterms:abstract>
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