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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Brain injury criteria based on computation of axonal elongation</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Critère de blessure cérébral basé sur le calcul de l’élongation axonale</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modèle éléments finis de la tête</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Élongation axonale</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Axonal elongation</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027315363" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Méthode des éléments finis</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ce travail de thèse vise à mieux décrire les mécanismes de lésions de la tête humaine en situation de choc en optimisant le modèle par éléments finis de la tête humaine de Strasbourg (SUFEHM) en termes de modélisation mécanique du crâne et du cerveau grâce à de nouvelles données expérimentales et de techniques récentes d’imagerie médicales. Une première étape a consisté à améliorer la loi de comportement de la boîte crânienne, valider son comportement en regards d’éléments expérimentaux sur cadavres et proposer un MEF capable de reproduire fidèlement la fracture crânienne. La deuxième partie consiste en la prise en compte pour la première fois de l’anisotropie dans les simulations par EF d’accidents réels en utilisant l’Imagerie du Tenseur de Diffusion. Après implémentation, une phase de validation a été entreprise afin de démontrer l’apport de l’anisotropie de la matière cérébrale dans un MEF. Enfin 125 accidents réels ont été reproduits avec le SUFEHM ainsi amélioré. Une étude statistique sur les paramètres mécaniques calculés a permis de proposer des limites de tolérances en termes de fracture crânienne et de lésions neurologiques en s’intéressant tout particulièrement à l’élongation axonale maximale admissible, nouvelle métrique proposée.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The principal objective of this study is to enhance the existing finite element head model. A composite material model for skull, taking into account damage is implemented in the Strasbourg University Finite Element Head Model in order to enhance the existing skull mechanical constitutive law. The skull behavior is validated in terms of fracture patterns and contact forces by reconstructing 15 experimental cases in collaboration with Medical College of Wisconsin. The new skull model is capable of reproducing skull fracture precisely. The composite skull model is validated not only for maximum forces, but also for lateral impact against actual force time curves from PMHS for the first time. This study also proposes the implementation of fractional anisotropy and axonal fiber orientation from Diffusion Tensor Imaging of 12 healthy patients into an existing human FE head model to develop a more realistic brain model with advanced constitutive laws. Further, the brain behavior was validated in terms of brain strain against experimental data. A reasonable agreement was observed between the simulation and experimental data. Results showed the feasibility of integrating axonal direction information into FE analysis and established the context of computation of axonal elongation in case of head trauma. A total 125 reconstructions were done by using the new advanced FEHM and the axonal strain was found to be the pertinent parameter to predict DAI.</dcterms:abstract>
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