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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">La tomographie à émission de positrons à géométrie axiale : de l’imagerie de la souris au cerveau humain</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Axial positrons emission tomography : from mouse to human brain imaging</dcterms:alternative>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La tomographie par émission de positrons est une technique d’imagerie nucléaire utilisant des noyaux radioactifs. Elle est utilisée dans le domaine clinique et préclinique. Cette dernière nécessite l’utilisation de petits animaux, comme la souris. Comme en imagerie clinique, l’objectif est d’obtenir le meilleur signal avec la meilleure précision spatiale possible. Cependant, un rapport d’échelle homme-souris suggère une résolution inférieure à 1 mm3. Un imageur conventionnel est constitué de modules de détection entourant le patient, orientés radialement. Cette approche lie efficacité et résolution spatiale. Ce travail concerne l’étude de la géométrie axiale. Les éléments de détection sont ici orientés parallèlement à l’objet. Ceci limite la corrélation entre efficacité de détection et résolution spatiale, et ainsi permet d’obtenir une haute résolution et haute sensibilité. La simulation de prototypes a permis d’envisager une résolution spatiale moyenne inférieure au millimètre et une efficacité de 15 ou 40% selon l’extension axiale. Ces résultats permettent de présager de bonnes perspectives en imageries préclinique et clinique.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Positrons emission tomography is a nuclear imaging technics using nuclear decays. It is used both in clinical and preclinical studies. The later requires the use of small animals such as the mouse. The objective is to obtain the best signal with the best spatial resolution. Yet, a weight ratio between humans and mice indicates the need of a sub-millimeter resolution. A conventional scanner is based on detection modules surrounding the object to image and arranged perpendicularly. This implies a strong relationship between efficiency and spatial resolution. This work focuses on the axial geometry in which detection modules are arranged parallel to the object. This limits the relationship between the figures of merit, leading to both high spatial resolution and efficiency. The simulations of prototypes showed great perspectives in term of sub-millimeter resolution with efficiencies of 15 or 40% according to the scanner’s axial extension. These results indicate great perspectives for both clinical and preclinical imaging.</dcterms:abstract>
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