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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Design of mechanoresponsive surfaces and materials</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Conception des surfaces et des matériaux mécano-répondants</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Matériaux chimio-mécano répondants</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Traitement de surface</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polydiméthylsiloxane</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Multicouches de polyélectrolytes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biocatalyse contrôlée</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hydrogels de polyacrylamides</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polymérisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Matériaux mous</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Chemo-mechanoresponsive materials</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Surface modification</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polydimethylsiloxane</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polyelectrolyte multilayers</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biocatalysis control</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polyacrylamide hydrogels</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polymerization</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Soft matter</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031426212" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Réticulation (polymérisation)</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le but de ma thèse a été de concevoir des matériaux chimio-mécano répondants, des matériaux capables de permettre une transformation chimique réversible lorsqu’ils sont soumis à un stress mécanique. Tous les systèmes conçus ont été développés sur des substrats en silicone. Une première approche a consisté à créer des surfaces à sites cryptiques où une biotine est enfouie dans des brosses de chaines de poly(éthylène glycol). Le système streptavidine/biotine a été utilisé comme modèle. Ces surfaces sont anti-adsorbantes à la streptavidine sauf lorsqu’elles sont étirées à 50% où la biotine est reconnue mais les surfaces sont non réversibles. Dans une seconde approche, nous avons modifiés la surface du silicone par adsorption d’une multicouche de polyélectrolytes. Cette stratégie est basée sur la réticulation covalente du film par l’enzyme β-galactosidase modifiée. Nous sommes ainsi parvenus à créer une surface présentant une activité catalytique modulable par l’étirement mécanique, et ce, d’une façon partiellement réversible. Ce travail représente le premier exemple d’un système où une contrainte mécanique imposée à un matériau permet la déformation conformationnelle d’une enzyme et ainsi la diminution de l’activité catalytique. Dans une dernière approche, nous avons conçu un système mixte composé d’un substrat de silicone sur lequel un gel de polyacrylamide est greffée de façon covalente. Des enzymes ou des mécanophores pourront ainsi être inclus dans le réseau polymérique du gel de polyacrylamide et être étirés. Nous sommes parvenus à préparer de tels systèmes où l’hydrogel reste solidaire du film de silicone, sans apparition de craquelures jusqu’à 50%d’étirement.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The goal of my PhD was to develop new routes to design chemo-mechanoresponsive materials, materials that respond chemically to a mechanical stress, in a reversible way. All the systems designed during my PhD thesis were based on the functionalization of silicone sheets. First we created cryptic site surfaces by embedding biotin ligands into PEG brushes. The couple streptavidin/biotin was used as a model system. At rest, the surface so-prepared was antifouling and biotin ligands were specifically recognized by the streptavidin when the surface was stretched at 50%. Unfortunately, in this first approach, the mechanosensitive surface did not lead to a reversible process. In a second approach, we modified the silicone surface by using the polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) film deposition. This strategy was based on the covalent cross-linking of modified enzyme, the β-galactosidase, into the PEM. We succeeded in modulating the enzyme activity in the film under stretching and this approach appears as partially reversible under stretching/unstretching cycles. This work represents the first reported system where enzymatic activity can be modulated by stretching due to modulation of the enzyme conformation. In a last approach, we also designed a mixed system consisting of a silicone sheet onto which a polyacrylamide hydrogel is covalentlyattached with the goal to create a stretchable gel into which one can covalently attach enzymes or chemical mechanophores. These enzymes or mechanophores can thus be put under mechanical stress. We succeeded in creating a system that can be stretched up to 50% without detachment of the gel from the silicone and without inducing cracks in the gel.</dcterms:abstract>
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