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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Theory and simulation of scanning gate microscopy : applied to the investigation of transport in quantum point contacts</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Théorie et simulations de microscopie à grille locale : appliqué à l'investigation de transport dans les contacts quantiques</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Physique mésoscopique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Gaz bidimensionnel d'électrons</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Théorie du transport</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Conductance</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microscopie à grille locale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Contacts quantiques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Théorie des perturbations</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Simulations numériques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mesoscopic physics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Two-dimensional electron gas</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Transport theory</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Conductance</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Scanning gate microscopy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Quantum point contacts</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Perturbation theory</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="02731569X" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Théorie quantique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ce travail porte sur la description théorique de la microscopie à grille locale (SGM) et sur la résolution de modèles particuliers de contacts quantiques (QPC), analytiquement et numériquement. SGM est une technique expérimentale, qui mesure la conductance d'une nanostructure, lorsqu'une pointe de microscope a force atomique chargée balaye la surface, sans contacter cette dernière. Les images de SGM révèlent de nombreuses traits intéressants, tels que des lobes, des branches, des franges d'interférence et des motifs de damier. Aucune théorie généralement applicable, donnant une interprétation univoque, n’est disponible à ce jour. En utilisant la théorie de la diffusion de Lippman–Schwinger, nous avons développé une description perturbative de signal de SGM non invasive. Les expressions du premier et du second ordre ont été données, se rapportant aux régions de marche et de plateau de la courbe de conductance. Dans les systèmes invariants par renversement du temps (TRI), adaptés au premier plateau de conductance, les images SGM sont liées à la densité de charge à l`énergie de Fermi. Dans un système TRI, avec une symétrie spatiale centrale et de très larges contacts, les images sont aussi liées à la densité de courant, quelque soit le plateau. Nous présentons et discutons les images calculées pour deux modèles analytiques de QPC et les images obtenues numériquement avec la méthode des fonctions de Green récursives, reproduisant certains motifs observés expérimentalement, et pointant les difficultés fondamentales a se bien positionner sur le plateau de conductance.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This work is concerned with the theoretical description of the Scanning Gate Microscopy (SGM) in general and with solving particular models of the quantum point contact (QPC) nanostructure, analytically and numerically. SGM is an experimental technique, which measures the conductance of a nanostructure, while a charged AFM tip is scanned above its surface. It gives many interesting results, such as lobed and branched images, interference fringes and a chequerboard pattern. A generally applicable theory, allowing for unambiguous interpretation of the results, is still missing. Using the Lippman-Schwinger scattering theory, we have developed a perturbative description of non-invasive SGM signal. First and second order expressions are given, pertaining to the ramp- and plateau-regions of the conductance curve. The maps of time-reversal invariant (TRI) systems, tuned to the lowest conductance plateau, are related to the Fermi-energy charge density. In a TRI system with a four-fold spatial symmetry and very wide leads, the map is also related to the current density, on any plateau. We present and discuss the maps calculated for two analytically solvable models of the QPC and maps obtained numerically, with Recursive Green Function method, pointing to the experimental features they reproduce and to the fundamental difficulties in obtaining good plateau tuning which they reveal.</dcterms:abstract>
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