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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Nations, privilèges et ethnicité à l'époque des Lumières : l'intégration de la société banataise dans la monarchie habsbourgeoise au XVIIIe siècle</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Nations, privileges and ethnicity during the Enlightenment : integration of the Banatean society into the Habsburg Monarchy in the 18th century</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Europe centrale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nations et nationalismes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">XVIIIe siècle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Histoire rurale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ethnicité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Lumières</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Central Europe</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nations and nationalisms</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">18th century</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rural history</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ethnicity</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le Banat est une région d’Europe balkanique conquise en 1716 par les Habsbourg sur l’Empire ottoman et directement administrée par Vienne. Dans les discours des administrateurs habsbourgeois, l’usage des catégories nationales est pragmatique. Il permet de déterminer les pratiques de gouvernement acceptables envers des groupes aux limites floues, dans le respect des intermédiaires traditionnels et d’une communication politique effectuée en langue vernaculaire. Mais l’action d’un État uniquement fiscal et militaire est remise en cause par l’élargissement de son périmètre d’action et l’arrivée d’une nouvelle génération de fonctionnaires en 1769. L’influence du caméralisme et de la statistique administrative amène à considérer les nations sous un angle exclusivement culturel. Mais cette identité imposée n’est pas assimilée par les populations. Celles-ci se réapproprient l’ancien usage des nations privilégiées dans leurs revendications politiques au cours des années 1780.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The Banat is a large region of the Balkans. It was conquered in 1716 by the Habsburg power over the Ottoman Empire and then governed directly from Vienna. In this context, the Habsburg civil servants made a pragmatic use of national categories. They were a means to determine an acceptable political behaviour towards groups defined by vague social boundaries, while respecting traditional middlemen and using the vernacular for political communication. However, the action of this strictly fiscal and military State was called into question by the widening of its prerogatives and the arrival of a new generation of civil servants in 1769. The influence of Kameralismus and the administrative statistic led the latter to consider the nations from a cultural point of view. But this imposed identity did not seem to be taken up by the population. On the contrary, people began to use the old sense of the privileged “nations” in their political claims directed to the emperor in the 1780s.</dcterms:abstract>
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