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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Études structurales et fonctionnelles de protéines impliquées dans l’assimilation du fer chez les bactéries Gram-négatives</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Structural and functionnal studies of proteins involved in iron uptake in Gram-negative bacteria</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transport du fer</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transporteur TonB-dépendant</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Études structurales</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cristallographie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pyoverdine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pyochéline</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Protéines membranaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Iron transport</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">TonB-dependent transporter</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Structural studies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Crystallography</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pyoverdin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pyochelin</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le fer est un élément essentiel à la vie car il possède un rôle clé dans de nombreux processus biologiques.Malgré son abondance au niveau de la croûte terrestre, le fer est très faiblement biodisponible. Pour contourner ce problème, la majorité des micro-organismes a développé différents systèmes particulièrement efficaces pour l’acquisition de cet élément. Le mécanisme le plus répandu implique la production et la sécrétion de petites molécules chélatrices ayant une forte affinité pour le fer. Après sécrétion dans le milieu extracellulaire, ces composés chélatent le Fe3+ et le transportent ensuite au travers de la membrane externe via des transporteurs TonB-dépendants (TBDT). Durant cette thèse, nous avons mis en place un protocoleefficace permettant d’aller rapidement du clonage à la cristallisation de ces cibles afin d’étudier la structure tridimensionnelle de cette famille de protéines. Ainsi, nous avons pu résoudre et étudier la structure de plusieurs TBDT, de bactéries Gram-négatives. Ainsi nous avons mis en évidence un mouvement du domaine de signalisation en présence du ligand, proposé un mécanisme de transporteur de la molécule d’hème par le système shu chez Shigella dysenteriae. Chez les bactéries du genre Pseudomonas, nous avons élucidé et caractérisé au niveau structural les mystères de l’énantiosélectivité des pyochélines. En parallèle, nous nous sommes intéressé au devenir du ferri-sidérophore au niveau du périplasme, chez P. aeruginosa, ainsi qu’au transport du fer au travers de la membrane interne grâce à un transporteur ABC FpvCDEF ayant laparticularité de posséder deux protéines périplasmiques associées capables d’interagir avec le sidérophore.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Iron is essential for life because it has a key role in many biological processes. Despite its abundance in the earth's crust, iron is poorly bioavailable. To circumvent this problem, most micro-organisms have developed different systems particularly effective for the acquisition of this element. The most common mechanism involves the production and secretion of small chelating molecules having high affinity for iron. After secretion into the extracellular medium, these compounds chelate and transport ferric iron through the outer membrane via TonB-dependent transporters (TBDTs). In this thesis, we have developed an efficient protocol to easily go from cloning to crystallization of these targets and then studied the three-dimensional structure of this protein family. Thus, we were able to solve and study the structure of several TBDT of Gram-negative bacteria. We have identified a movement of the signaling domain in the presence of ligand. We proposed a mechanism for heme translocation through the shu system, in Shigella dysenteriae. In Pseudomonas species, we elucidated and characterized at the structural level the mysteries of the pyochelin enantioselectivity. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we studied the ferri-siderophore become in the periplasmic space, as well as iron transport across the inner membrane by an ABC transporter, named FpvCDEF, with the particularity of having two periplasmic proteins associated able to interact with the siderophore.</dcterms:abstract>
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