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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Régulation et coordination rétrograde de l'expression génétique mitochondriale</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ribozyme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mitochondrie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Régulation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Knockdown</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mitochondria</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Regulation</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031445527" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Ribozymes</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le système génétique complexe des mitochondries de plantes supérieures n'a pu être étudié par des approches transgéniques car les méthodes conventionnelles ne permettent pas de transformer ces organites. Une approche alternative a été développée au laboratoire, grâce à l'existence d'un processus naturel assurant l'import d'ARN de transfert (ARNt) du cytosol dans les mitochondries. Il a été montré qu'un mime d'ARNt peut servir in vivo de navette pour importer dans les mitochondries de plante des ARN-passagers exprimés à partir de transgènes nucléaires. L'utilisation d'un transribozyme comme séquence-passagère a permis d'obtenir l'invalidation spécifique d'un ARN messager (ARNm) majeur dans les mitochondries de cellules végétales transformées. Nous avons mis en oeuvre cette stratégie pour développer des études de régulation mitochondriale. Cinq ARNm mitochondriaux (nad9, sdh3, cob, cox3 et atp9) ont été choisis comme cibles pour des transribozymes spécifiques à tête de marteau. Après validation de l'activité de ces ribozymes in vitro, les vecteurs d'expression portant les transgènes correspondants ont servi pour transformer des cultures cellulaires de Nicotiana tabacum, des plantes d'Arabidopsis thaliana (pour nad9, cob, cox3 et atp9) et des plantes de N. tabacum (pour sdh3). L'invalidation spécifique des ARN mitochondriaux ciblés par les ribozymes a été établie in vivo. La réponse, en termes de régulation, à l'invalidation des cibles individuelles a été analysée au niveau de l'ensemble du transcriptome. Alors qu'il a été généralement considéré jusqu'à présent que les processus de régulation mitochondriaux chez les plantes se passent essentiellement au stade post-transcriptionnel, nos résultats sont fortement en faveur de mécanismes de coordination des ARNm dans les mitochondries et entre les organites et le noyau.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The complex genetic system of higher plant mitochondria could not be studied by transgenic approaches because conventional methods do not permit genetic transformation of these organelles. An alternative approach has been developed in the laboratory, thanks to the existence of a natural process of transfer RNA (tRNA) import from the cytosol into mitochondria. It was shown that a tRNA mimic can be used in vivo as a shuttle for importing into plant mitochondria passenger RNAsexpressed from nuclear transgenes. Taking a trans-cleaving ribozyme as a passenger sequence allowed to obtain the specific knockdown of a major messenger RNA (mRNA) in the mitochondria of transformed plant cells. We used this strategy to develop mitochondrial regulation studies. Five mitochondrial mRNAs (nad9, sdh3, cob, cox3 and atp9) were chosen as targets for specific transcleaving hammerhead ribozymes. After validating the in vitro activity of these ribozymes, the corresponding expression constructs served to transform Nicotiana tabacum cells, Arabidopsis thaliana plants (for nad9, cob, cox3 and atp9) and N. tabacum plants (for sdh3). Specific in vivo ribozyme-mediated knockdown of the targeted mitochondrial RNAs was established. The regulation response to the knockdown of the individual targets was analyzed at the whole transcriptome level.Whereas it has been generally considered so far that mitochondrial regulation processes in plants essentially occur at the post-transcriptional stage, our results strongly support mRNA coordination mechanisms within the organelles and between the organelles and the nucleus.</dcterms:abstract>
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