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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La cirrhose et le carcinome hépatocellulaire liés au virus de l’hépatite C (HCV) sont des indications majeures de transplantation hépatique. La réinfection du greffon par le HCV est systématique et sans moyen de prévention. Les mécanismes par lesquels le virus échappe au système immunitaire afin de réinfecter le greffon sont mal connus. Ce travail de thèse a permis d’identifier de nouveaux mécanismes et des déterminants clés impliqués dans la persistance virale. Nous avons identifié que l’utilisation des facteurs d’entrée cellulaires par le HCV évolue simultanément avec ses capacités d’échappement aux nAbs, et démontré qu’apo E est un composant clé des lipoparticules virales intervenant dans la persistance du HCV. L’identification de nouveaux facteurs viraux et cellulaires impliqués dans l’échappement viral, apporte de nouvelles perspectives dans le développement de nouvelles stratégies de prévention de la réinfection ainsi que dans le développement d’un vaccin prophylactique.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-cirrhosis and HCC are leading indications for liver transplantation. Reinfection of the liver graft is universal and no way of prevention exists. Mechanisms employed by HCV to evade the immune system and reinfect the liver graft are unknown. This thesis work identified new mechanisms and key determinants involved in viral persistence. Weidentified a novel clinically and therapeutically important mechanism of viral evasion, where coevolution simultaneously occurs between cellular entry factor use and escape from neutralization. We also discovered that virus-apoE interaction is unique mechanism of viral evasion from neutralizing antibodies. Identification of new viral and host factors involved in viral escape paves the way in the development of new prevention strategies and prophylactic vaccine.</dcterms:abstract>
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