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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etudes structurales de l'ARN messager de l'histone H4</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Structural studies of histone H4 messenger RNA</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">MRNA</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Refolding</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Structure</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Translation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Histone</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Refolding</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Structure</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Chez les Eucaryotes, l’étape d’initiation est de loin la plus complexe et la plus lente du processus de traduction. Elle nécessite l’intervention de 12 facteurs protéiques, d’une coiffe m7GpppN située à l’extrémité 5’ des ARNm et d’une queue poly(A) en 3’. Les ARNm des histones « réplication-dépendantes » sont particuliers car dépourvus d’extrémité 3’ polyadénylée et dotés d’une extrémité 5’ non traduite extrêmement courte, de 9 nt seulement chez l’ARNm H4 de la souris. Pour traduire ces ARNm, un processus d’initiation non conventionnel a été décrit au laboratoire. L’objectif de ma thèse a été d’établir les bases structurales de ce mécanisme en combinant différentes approches expérimentales. Deux protocoles originaux de repliement ont été mis au point afin d’isoler l’ARNm H4 dans deux conformations distinctes et stables. Une caractérisation fonctionnelle et structurale de ces deux formes de l’ARNm a ensuite été réalisée. La stabilité et la structure de ces deux formes ont été étudiées par DLS, par SAXS et par équilibre de sédimentation. Puis, nous avons étudié la capacité de ces deux formes d’ARNm H4 à fixer le facteur d’initiation eIF4E et les ribosomes assemblés sur le codon d’initiation ainsi que leur aptitude à être traduits in vitro. Un modèle de repliement de la structure secondaire de l’ARNm H4 a été construit après sondage enzymatique et chimique des deux formes de l’ARNm. Ce modèle a servi de base pour le travail d’ingénierie de l’ARNm H4 qui a conduit à son découpage en sous-domaines. Des essais de cristallisation ont porté sur 18 de ces fragments ainsi que sur les deux formes de l’ARNm H4 complet.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In eukaryotes, the initiation step is far more complex and the slowest inside the translation process. It requires the intervention of 12 protein factors, an m7GpppN cap located to the 5 'end of the mRNA and a poly (A) tail at the 3'. Histone mRNAs "replication-dependent" are specific because they lack of polyadenylated tail at the 3’ end and have a 5' end untranslated extremely short (9 nt only in the mouse). To translate these mRNAs, a process of unconventional initiation has been described in the laboratory. The aim of my thesis was to establish the structural basis of the mechanism by combining different experimental approaches. Two original refolding protocols have been developed to isolate mRNA H4 in two distinct and stable conformations. A functional and structural characterization of these two shapes of H4 mRNA was then performed. The stability and the structure of these two shapes have been studied by DLS, SAXS and sedimentation equilibrium. Then, we studied the ability of these two conformations of H4 mRNA to bind the eIF4E initiation factor and ribosomes assembled on the start codon as well as their ability to be translated in vitro. Models of the secondary structure has been constructed after enzymatic and chemical probing of the two shapes of the mRNA. This model was the basis for the engineering of the H4 mRNA that led to its division into sub-domains. Crystallization trials focused on 18 of these fragments as well as on both H4 mRNA shapes.</dcterms:abstract>
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