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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Aminoacyl-ARNt synthétases mitochondriales humaines : aspects fondamentaux et contribution à la compréhension de pathologies reliées</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">New properties of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and their connection to mitochondrial diseases</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Traduction mitochondriale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Aminoacyl-ARNt synthétases</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fonctions alternatives</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Organisation sous-mitochondriale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Import</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mutations reliées à des pathologies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Évolution</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mitochondrial translation machinery</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Non-translational functions</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sub-mitochondrial organization</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Import</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pathology-related mutations</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031445551" autoriteSource="Sudoc">ARN de transfert</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027623149" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Traduction génétique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="035037679" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Mitochondriopathies</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les aminoacyl-ARNt synthetases (aaRS) sont impliquées dans le mécanismes de la traduction. Dans les cellules humaines, il existe deux jeux de gènes nucléaires codant pour les aaRS : un pour les aaRS cytosolique (cyt), le second pour les aaRS mitochondriales (mt). Les aaRS mt sont traduites dans le cytosole, adressées et importées dans la mitochondrie.Mutations dans 9 gènes d’aaRS mt ont été démontrées comme responsables de pathologies mitochondriales. Certaines des mutations n’affectent pas la propriété originelle d’aminoacylation. Il a été proposé que certaines de ces mutations puissent affecter des propriétés alternatives.Alors l’organisation des aaRS cyt est bien étudiée et que des implications dans des fonctions alternatives établies pour certaines d’entre elles, les connaissances quant aux aaRS mt restent parcimonieuses. L’objectif principal de ce manuscrit de thèse est: (i) révéler d’organisation sous-mt de l’AspRS mt; (ii) étendre l’analyse de l’organisation sous-mt à l’ensemble des aaRS mt; et (iii) contribuer à la compréhension de mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents à certaines pathologies. Ces travaux ouvrent la porte vers d’autres investigations de l’organisation des aaRS à l’intérieur de la mitochondrie. Ces contributions seront utiles à la meilleure compréhension de mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents à pathologies mitochondriales.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are housekeeping enzymes involved in translation. In human cells, 2 different sets of nuclear genes code for aaRSs. One codes for cytosolic (cyt) aaRSs, and the second one codes for aaRSs of mitochondrial (mt) location. Mt-aaRSs are translated in the cytosol, targeted and imported into mitochondria.Mutations in 9 mt-aaRSs have been described. Some of the mutations do not display significant influence on the housekeeping aminoacylation activity. It has been proposed that those mutations affect alternative functions.Alternate functions have been described for cyt-aaRSs. While the organization of cyt-aaRSs is explored and their involvement into alternate functions established, the properties of the human mt-aaRSs remain unknown. On one site, this thesis integrate mt-AspRS into new functional networks (sub-mitochondrial localization and partnership). On the other site, it expand the view of the sub-mitochondrial organization to the full set of mt-aaRSs and should ultimately shed light into the molecular mechanisms underlying some of the pathologies. These results open the door for additional investigations to gain a complete view about the sub-mitochondrial organization of aaRSs. Those contributions will be of help for the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying some mitochondrial disorders.</dcterms:abstract>
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