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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Contributions to the study of the architecture and evolution of ribozymes</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ribozymes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Structure ARN</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ribozyme LCrz</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réaction de branchement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cristallographie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">SAXS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Twintron</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ribozymes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">RNA structure</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">LCrz ribozyme</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les ARNnc sont impliqués dans la régulation de l’expression des gènes via divers mécanismes. Ils adoptent des structures 3D composées à 70% de pb WC formant des hélices de types A liées entre elles par des jonctions modulaires ayant des caractéristiques géométriques spécifiques. Nous avons identifié un nouveau motif 3D d’ARN apparenté au kturn, le pk-turn. Le pk-turn, situé dans la RNase P bactérienne permet, comme le k-turn, la formation d’un angle de 60° entre les hélices P16 &amp; P17 avec cependant des exigences de séquences et de structure différentes. Le 2nd ribozyme qui a focalisé mon attention est le LCrz observé dans l’intron siamois (GIR2/LCrz) identifié dans le pré-ARNr 18S de la petite sous unité du ribosome eucaryote du myxomycète D. iridis. LCrz catalyse une réaction de branchement, équivalente à la première étape de l’épissage par les introns de groupe II, dans un contexte structural proche des introns du groupe I. Nous avons résolu la structure cristallographique du LCrz à une résolution de 2.5Å révélant un repliement inattendu. Cette structure a été confirmée par des expériences de SAXS. Ce travail nous permet de souligner la relation entre structure et fonction dans l'évolution des ribozymes.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">NcRNA represent most of primary transcripts RNA in higher eukaryotes and tune gene expression via diverse mechanisms. They adopt 3D structures composed at 70% by WC bp forming A-form helices linked by RNA motifs. We identified the pk-turn, a new RNA motif related to k-turns that allow for the formation of a bend of 60° between stems P16 and P17 from the bacterial RNaseP. Yet it features different sequence and structural requirements than k-turns. The 2nd ribozyme which got my attention is the LCrz inserted in GIR2, a group I intron. This twintron is observed in the pre-rRNA 18S of the small subunit of the eukaryoteD. iris. LCrz catalyzes a reaction equivalent to the first step of splicing by group II introns, but in a structural context related to group I introns. We solved the 2.5 Å crystal structure of the LCrz and confirmed the unexpected shape by means of SAXS experiments. This work emphasizes the relationship between structure and function in the evolution of ribozymes.</dcterms:abstract>
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