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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Statut endocrinien et effort de reproduction chez un oiseau marin longévif, le manchot Adélie, dans un environnement changeant</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Endocrine status and reproductive effort of a long-lived seabird, the Adélie penguin, in a changing environment</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Comportement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Corticostérone</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Conditions environnementales</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Élevage des poussins</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hormones</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Incubation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Oiseaux marins</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Prolactine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Régions polaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Soins parentaux</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Stress</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Succès reproducteur</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Testostérone</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Behaviour</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Chick-rearing</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Corticosterone</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Environmental conditions</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hormones</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Incubation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Parental care</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polar regions</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Prolactin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Reproductive output</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Seabirds</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Stress</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Testosterone</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="034073833" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Animaux -- Métabolisme</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027389545" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Oiseaux de mer</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="033071519" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Corticostérone</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031402658" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Testostérone</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="07605022X" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Manchot d'Adélie</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’étude des mécanismes endocriniens est particulièrement intéressante du fait du rôle majeur des hormones dans la régulation des interactions entre la physiologie d’un organisme, son comportement, et les modifications de son environnement. Cette thèse s’est intéressée aux relations entre le statut hormonal, les performances de reproduction et le succès reproducteur d’un oiseau marin longévif, le manchot Adélie Pygoscelis adeliae, dans un contexte environnemental soumis à des changements. Le statut endocrinien de manchots mâles a été manipulé en utilisant des implants dégradables sous-cutanés diffusant l’hormone d’intérêt ou un inhibiteur de sa sécrétion. Les effets d’une modification des niveaux d’hormones sur l’investissement parental pendant l’incubation ont été mesurés à l’aide d’observations directes et d’oeufsfactices enregistrant les paramètres d’incubation. Les niveaux de corticostérone – hormone dite de stress, de prolactine – hormone des soins parentaux, et de testostérone – hormone liée aux comportements sexuels et à l’agressivité, ont été manipulés. Les effets d’une augmentation des niveaux de corticostérone sur les performances et le succès reproducteur pendant la période de l’élevage des poussins ont également été mesurés. Enfin, les conséquences d’une légère élévation des niveaux de corticostérone pendant l’ensemble de la saison de reproduction en termes de comportement et de succès reproducteur ont été examinées. Une augmentation des niveaux de corticostérone a globalement diminué les performances et le succès de reproduction. D’autre part, une modification des niveaux de prolactine ou de testostérone a affecté la durée etles paramètres d’incubation, suggérant une implication de ces deux hormones dans le contrôle de la phénologie de la reproduction. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse mettent l’accent sur le fait que la relation entre statut endocrinien et performances de reproduction est dose, état et contexte dépendante. Nos résultats illustrent le rôle majeur des hormones étudiées dans la régulation de l’effort reproducteur, et soulignent également l’importance de considérer les interactions entre les organismes et leur environnement.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Studying endocrine mechanisms is of particular interest because of the major role played by hormones in mediating interactions between an animal’s physiology, its behaviour, and both predictable and unpredictable regimes of environmental variation. During this PhD, I have investigated the relationships between endocrine status, reproductive performance, and reproductive output in a long-lived polar seabird, the Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae, while integrating environmental parameters for some of the studies. The endocrine status of male penguins was experimentally modified using subcutaneous self-degradable pellets, which released either the hormone or an inhibitor of its secretion. The effects of changes in the levels of several hormones on the parental investment during incubation were assessed, using direct observations and dummy eggs to record incubation parameters. The levels of corticosterone – the so-called stress hormone, prolactin – the parental care hormone, and testosterone – the sexual behaviour and aggressiveness hormone, were manipulated. The effects of increased corticosterone levels on reproductive performance and output were also evaluated during the chick-rearing period. Finally, the behavioural consequences of a moderate elevation of corticosterone levels during the whole breeding cycle were assessed. On the whole, an increase in corticosterone levels decreased reproductive performances and output. Changes in prolactin or testosterone levels affected incubation duration and egg temperature, suggesting a role for these hormones in the control of the timing of breeding. The results prevented in this PhD highlight the fact that the relationship between endocrine status and reproductive performance is dose-, state-, and context-dependant. Our results illustrate the major role of the hormones considered in our studies in the regulation of reproductive effort. They also underline the importance of considering the interactions of organisms with their environment in studies of animal behaviour and ecophysiology.</dcterms:abstract>
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