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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude du transfert du VIH-1 des cellules présentatrices d'antigènes aux lymphocytes T CD4 primaires et inhibition par les anticorps neutralisants</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">VIH-1</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Anticorps neutralisants</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cellules présentatrices d'antigènes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transfert de cellule-à-cellule</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031184731" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Cellules présentatrices d'antigènes</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les cellules présentatrices d'antigènes (APCs) présentes dans les muqueuses comptent parmi les première cibles du VIH-1 et participent à sa dissémination dans l'organisme. Durant ma thèse, j'ai étudié le transfert du VIH des macrophages (Mφ) et des cellules dendritiques (DCs) aux lymphocytes T. J'ai montré que ces APCs transfèrent efficacement le virus aux lymphocytes par le biais de différents mécanismes: transfert direct en trans dans les coculture Mφ/T, et transfert en cis (suite à la production de nouveaux virions) dans les DCs/T. Ces deux modes de transfert sont inhibés par les anticorps neutralisants (AcN). De manière intéressante, certains AcN anti-gp120 inhibaient plus efficacement le transfert du VIH dans les cocultures Mφ/T que dans les cocultures DCs/T et l'infection des cellules T par le virus libre. Ces résultats suggèrent que les APCs participent activement au transfert et à la dissémination du VIH et que les AcN sont capable d'inhiber ces différents modes de transfert.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present at mucosal sites are among the first HIV-1 target cells and contribute to the spread of infection. During my thesis, I studied HIV transfer from macrophages (Mφ) and dendritic cells (DCs) to CD4-T lymphocytes. I showed that APCs were able to efficiently transfer HIV particles to lymphocytes, but through different mechanisms: Mφ rapidlytransferred HIV by direct trans-transfer, whereas DCs were mainly implicated in cistransfer (after production of de novo HIV). Moreover, I have demonstrated that these two modes of transfer were inhibited by neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in both type ofcocultures. Very interestingly, I showed that anti-gp120 NAb inhibit more efficiently HIV transfer in Mφ/T than in DCs/T cocultures and T cells infection by free viral particles. These findings highlight the major contributions of various mucosal target cells in HIV transfer and demonstrate the potent role of NAb on inhibition of cell-to-cell transfer.</dcterms:abstract>
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