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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Les enfants soldats : aspects de droit international humanitaire et de droit comparé</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Enfants soldats</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Responsabilité des enfants</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Crime de guerre</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Protection des enfants</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Accountability of children</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Accountability of recruiters</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">War crimes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Transitional justice</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Protection of children</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le paroxysme atteint par la diffusion incontrôlée durant les années 1990 du phénomène des enfants soldats a obligé la communauté internationale à renforcer la protection des enfants et à instituer des garanties supplémentaires à l’égard des enfants touchés par les conflits armés. Les zones d’instabilité politique, les conflits, ainsi que l'impunité quasi généralisée en matière de violations graves des droits de l’homme ont été les principales sources de la montée en puissance du phénomène des enfants soldats. L’objectif qui consistait à mettre fin à l’implication illégale d'enfants dans les conflits armés a nécessité une coopération étroite entre tous les États concernés cependant que divers problèmes d’ordre juridique n’ont pas tardé à faire leur apparition. Par ailleurs, la diversité des ordres juridiques et la variété des approches doctrinales quant à la définition de la notion d’« enfant » ont rendu difficile une approche consensuelle. L’institution d'une responsabilité pénale internationale pour le recrutement des enfants, érigé en crime de guerre, n’était qu’un début. La question de la justice dans les pays sortis des conflits est toujours d'actualité et l’adoption d’autres formes de justice s’avère indispensable dans le processus de réconciliation et de réinsertion des enfants. La responsabilité pénale des enfants soldats est examinée sous son double aspect victime / bourreau, en abordant certaines affaires emblématiques.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The uncontrolled spread of the phenomenon of child soldiers culminated in such a point during the 1990s that the international community was forced to strengthen the protection of children by introducing additional safeguards for children affected by armed conflict. Some of the main explanations for the rise of the phenomenon of child soldiers have been: areas of political instability, conflicts and almost universal impunity in cases of serious human rights violations. The objective of putting an end to the illegal involvement of children in armed conflict required close cooperation between all states concerned. Yet, legal complications did not take long to appear. Moreover, the diversity of legal systems and the variety of doctrinal approaches to the definition of the term "child" made a consensual approach difficult. The international criminalization of recruiting children, defined as a war crime, was just the beginning. The issue of justice in countries emerging from conflict is still relevant today and the adoption of other forms of justice is essential in the process of reconciliation and reintegration of former child soldiers. The criminal accountability of child soldiers is examined in its dual aspect of victim/executioner, addressing some emblematic cases.</dcterms:abstract>
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