<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><mets:mets xmlns:mets="http://www.loc.gov/METS/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:mads="http://www.loc.gov/mads/" xmlns:metsRights="http://cosimo.stanford.edu/sdr/metsrights/" xmlns:suj="http://www.theses.fr/namespace/sujets" xmlns:tef="http://www.abes.fr/abes/documents/tef" xmlns:tefextension="http://www.abes.fr/abes/documents/tefextension" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/METS/ http://www.abes.fr/abes/documents/tef/recommandation/tef_schemas.xsd">
<mets:metsHdr CREATEDATE="2014-11-25T07:51:05" ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.METS_HEADER" LASTMODDATE="2026-02-16T04:50:00Z" RECORDSTATUS="valide">
<mets:agent ROLE="CREATOR">
<mets:name/>
<mets:note>Note</mets:note>
</mets:agent>
<mets:agent ROLE="DISSEMINATOR">
<mets:name>ABES</mets:name>
</mets:agent>
<mets:altRecordID ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.METS_HEADER.ALTERNATE" TYPE=""/>
</mets:metsHdr>
<mets:dmdSec ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.DESCRIPTION_BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE">
<mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="OTHER" OTHERMDTYPE="tef_desc_these">
<mets:xmlData>
<tef:thesisRecord>
<dc:title xml:lang="fr">L'indépendance du pouvoir judiciaire à l'épreuve de la transition démocratique en Albanie : le rôle de la Cour Constitutionnelle</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The independence of the judiciary tested by the democratic transition in Albania : the role of the Constitutional Court</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Albanie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Indépendance du pouvoir judiciaire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">État de droit</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cour constitutionnelle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transition</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Droits de l'Homme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Balkans</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Démocratie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Albania</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Independence of the judiciary</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rule of law</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Constitutional Court</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xsi:type="dcterms:DDC">340</dc:subject>
<tef:sujetRameau xml:lang="fr">
<tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="133566641" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Indépendance judiciaire</tef:elementdEntree>
<tef:subdivision autoriteExterne="027501302" autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionGeographique">Albanie</tef:subdivision>
<tef:subdivision autoriteExterne="02726470X" autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionDeSujet">Histoire</tef:subdivision>
</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
<tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027744183" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Politique et pouvoir judiciaire</tef:elementdEntree>
<tef:subdivision autoriteExterne="027501302" autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionGeographique">Albanie</tef:subdivision>
</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
<tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="02726095X" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Droit constitutionnel</tef:elementdEntree>
<tef:subdivision autoriteExterne="027501302" autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionGeographique">Albanie</tef:subdivision>
</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
<tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="028547144" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Politique et gouvernement -- Albanie</tef:elementdEntree>
<tef:subdivision autoriteExterne="086305646" autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionChronologique">XXe siècle</tef:subdivision>
</tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
</tef:sujetRameau>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Quand, dans le cadre des réformes constitutionnelles après la chute du communisme, le Conseil de l’Europe et la Commission européenne demandent à l’Albanie l’indépendance du pouvoir judiciaire comme garantie pour un état de droit, pour une gouvernance limitée par le droit, un juge constitutionnel comme défenseur des garanties de ce principe est demandé en même temps. En tant que principes et institutions de l’état de droit, ils se trouveront face à une culture politique qui rend difficile tant leur transposition que leur application dans la réalité albanaise. Les raisons sont à rechercher dans l’influence que la tradition constitutionnelle et l’idéologie communiste exercent encore sur la classe politique et sa culture politique. Elles poussent plutôt vers le contrôle que vers l’indépendance du juge. Dans ces circonstances, il revient au juge constitutionnel d’être actif dans le jeu de la séparation et de l’équilibre des pouvoirs et dans l’identification et la formalisation d’un judiciaire indépendant. En même temps et aussi souvent que nécessaire, il devra défendre directement les garanties constitutionnelles de cette indépendance en fonction de sa propre indépendance.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">When, as part of the constitutional reforms, after the fall of the communism, the Council of Europe and the European Commission require from Albania the independence of the judiciary, as a guarantee for the rule of law, a constitutional court, as a defender of the guarantees of this principle, is demanded simultaneously. Nevertheless, during the years of the democratic transition, these principles and institutions of the rule of law will be confronted with a political culture that makes difficult both their transposition and their implementation in the Albanian reality. The reasons lie in the influence that the constitutional tradition and the communist ideology still exert on the political class and its political culture. They grow towards the control rather than the independence of the judiciary. In these circumstances, it is up to the constitutional court to be active in the game of separation and balance of powers and in the identification and formalization of an independent judiciary. At the same time and as often as necessary, it will directly defend the constitutional guarantees of independence and will do so according to its own independence.</dcterms:abstract>
<dc:type>Electronic Thesis or Dissertation</dc:type>
<dc:type xsi:type="dcterms:DCMIType">Text</dc:type>
<dc:language xsi:type="dcterms:RFC3066">fr</dc:language>
</tef:thesisRecord>
</mets:xmlData>
</mets:mdWrap>
</mets:dmdSec>
<mets:dmdSec ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.DESCRIPTION.EDITION_ARCHIVAGE">
<mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="OTHER" OTHERMDTYPE="tef_desc_edition">
<mets:xmlData>
<tef:edition>
<dcterms:medium xsi:type="dcterms:IMT">PDF</dcterms:medium>
<dcterms:extent>172884331</dcterms:extent>
<tef:editeur>
<tef:nom>Université de Strasbourg</tef:nom>
<tef:place>Strasbourg</tef:place>
</tef:editeur>
<dcterms:issued xsi:type="dcterms:W3CDTF">2015-12-31</dcterms:issued>
</tef:edition>
</mets:xmlData>
</mets:mdWrap>
</mets:dmdSec>
<mets:dmdSec ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.DESCRIPTION.EDITION_1">
<mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="OTHER" OTHERMDTYPE="tef_desc_edition">
<mets:xmlData>
<tef:edition>
<dcterms:medium xsi:type="dcterms:IMT">text/html</dcterms:medium>
<dcterms:extent/>
<dc:identifier xsi:type="dcterms:URI">http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA034/document</dc:identifier>
</tef:edition>
</mets:xmlData>
</mets:mdWrap>
</mets:dmdSec>
<mets:amdSec>
<mets:techMD ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.ADMINISTRATION">
<mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="OTHER" OTHERMDTYPE="tef_admin_these">
<mets:xmlData>
<tef:thesisAdmin>
<tef:auteur>
<tef:nom>Totozani</tef:nom>
<tef:prenom>Igli</tef:prenom>
<tef:dateNaissance>1973-02-18</tef:dateNaissance>
<tef:nationalite scheme="ISO-3166-1">FR</tef:nationalite>
<tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="Sudoc">188121846</tef:autoriteExterne>
<tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="CODE_ETUDIANT">60715194</tef:autoriteExterne>
</tef:auteur>
<dc:identifier xsi:type="tef:nationalThesisPID">https://theses.fr/2014STRAA034</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier xsi:type="tef:NNT">2014STRAA034</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier xsi:type="tef:DOI">https://doi.org/10.70675/3768de9bzbdf2z40c5zb52aze9b37e6a93ad</dc:identifier>
<dcterms:dateAccepted xsi:type="dcterms:W3CDTF">2014-11-08</dcterms:dateAccepted>
<tef:thesis.degree>
<tef:thesis.degree.discipline xml:lang="fr">Droit public</tef:thesis.degree.discipline>
<tef:thesis.degree.grantor>
<tef:nom>Strasbourg</tef:nom>
<tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="Sudoc">131056549</tef:autoriteExterne>
</tef:thesis.degree.grantor>
<tef:thesis.degree.level>Doctorat</tef:thesis.degree.level>
<tef:thesis.degree.name xml:lang="fr">Docteur es</tef:thesis.degree.name>
</tef:thesis.degree>
<tef:theseSurTravaux>non</tef:theseSurTravaux>
<tef:avisJury>oui</tef:avisJury>
<tef:directeurThese>
<tef:nom>Benoît-Rohmer</tef:nom>
<tef:prenom>Florence</tef:prenom>
<tef:autoriteInterne>MADS_DIRECTEUR_DE_THESE_1</tef:autoriteInterne>
<tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="Sudoc">035606886</tef:autoriteExterne>
</tef:directeurThese>
<tef:presidentJury>
<tef:nom>Jacqué</tef:nom>
<tef:prenom>Jean-Paul</tef:prenom>
<tef:autoriteInterne>MADS_PRESIDENT_DU_JURY</tef:autoriteInterne>
<tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="Sudoc">028291689</tef:autoriteExterne>
</tef:presidentJury>
<tef:rapporteur>
<tef:nom>Spanou</tef:nom>
<tef:prenom>Calliope</tef:prenom>
<tef:autoriteInterne>MADS_RAPPORTEUR_1</tef:autoriteInterne>
<tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="Sudoc">031106137</tef:autoriteExterne>
</tef:rapporteur>
<tef:rapporteur>
<tef:nom>Marrella</tef:nom>
<tef:prenom>Fabrizio</tef:prenom>
<tef:autoriteInterne>MADS_RAPPORTEUR_2</tef:autoriteInterne>
<tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="Sudoc">067705510</tef:autoriteExterne>
</tef:rapporteur>
<tef:ecoleDoctorale>
<tef:nom>École doctorale des Sciences juridiques (Strasbourg ; 1992-....)</tef:nom>
<tef:autoriteInterne>MADS_ECOLE_DOCTORALE_1</tef:autoriteInterne>
<tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="Annuaire des formations doctorales et des unités de recherche">DR</tef:autoriteExterne>
<tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="Sudoc">057975965</tef:autoriteExterne>
</tef:ecoleDoctorale>
<tef:partenaireRecherche type="laboratoire">
<tef:nom>Institut de recherches Carré de Malberg (Strasbourg)</tef:nom>
<tef:autoriteInterne>MADS_PARTENAIRE_DE_RECHERCHE_1</tef:autoriteInterne>
<tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="Sudoc">058936505</tef:autoriteExterne>
</tef:partenaireRecherche>
<tef:oaiSetSpec>ddc:340</tef:oaiSetSpec>
<tef:MADSAuthority authorityID="MADS_DIRECTEUR_DE_THESE_1" type="personal">
<tef:personMADS>
<mads:namePart type="family">Benoît-Rohmer</mads:namePart>
<mads:namePart type="given">Florence</mads:namePart>
</tef:personMADS>
</tef:MADSAuthority>
<tef:MADSAuthority authorityID="MADS_PRESIDENT_DU_JURY" type="personal">
<tef:personMADS>
<mads:namePart type="family">Jacqué</mads:namePart>
<mads:namePart type="given">Jean-Paul</mads:namePart>
</tef:personMADS>
</tef:MADSAuthority>
<tef:MADSAuthority authorityID="MADS_RAPPORTEUR_1" type="personal">
<tef:personMADS>
<mads:namePart type="family">Spanou</mads:namePart>
<mads:namePart type="given">Calliope</mads:namePart>
</tef:personMADS>
</tef:MADSAuthority>
<tef:MADSAuthority authorityID="MADS_RAPPORTEUR_2" type="personal">
<tef:personMADS>
<mads:namePart type="family">Marrella</mads:namePart>
<mads:namePart type="given">Fabrizio</mads:namePart>
</tef:personMADS>
</tef:MADSAuthority>
<tef:MADSAuthority authorityID="MADS_ECOLE_DOCTORALE_1" type="corporate">
<tef:personMADS>
<mads:namePart type="family">École doctorale Droit, science politique et histoire (Strasbourg)</mads:namePart>
</tef:personMADS>
</tef:MADSAuthority>
<tef:MADSAuthority authorityID="MADS_PARTENAIRE_DE_RECHERCHE_1" type="corporate">
<tef:personMADS>
<mads:namePart type="family">Institut de recherches Carré de Malberg (Strasbourg)</mads:namePart>
</tef:personMADS>
</tef:MADSAuthority>
</tef:thesisAdmin>
</mets:xmlData>
</mets:mdWrap>
</mets:techMD>
<mets:techMD ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.EDITION_ARCHIVAGE.TECH_FICHIER.DOSSIER_1.DOSSIER_1.FICHIER_1">
<mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="OTHER" OTHERMDTYPE="tef_tech_fichier">
<mets:xmlData>
<tef:meta_fichier>
<tef:formatFichier>PDF</tef:formatFichier>
<tef:taille>172884331</tef:taille>
</tef:meta_fichier>
</mets:xmlData>
</mets:mdWrap>
</mets:techMD>
<mets:rightsMD ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.DROITS_UNIVERSITE">
<mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="OTHER" OTHERMDTYPE="tef_droits_etablissement_these">
<mets:xmlData>
<metsRights:RightsDeclarationMD RIGHTSCATEGORY="CONTRACTUAL">
<metsRights:Context CONTEXTCLASS="GENERAL PUBLIC">
<metsRights:Permissions COPY="false" DELETE="false" DISPLAY="true" DUPLICATE="true" MODIFY="false" PRINT="false"/>
<metsRights:Constraints CONSTRAINTTYPE="TIME">
<metsRights:ConstraintDescription>confidentialité 2014-11-08 2030-11-08</metsRights:ConstraintDescription>
</metsRights:Constraints>
</metsRights:Context>
<metsRights:Context CONTEXTCLASS="INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATE">
<metsRights:Permissions COPY="false" DELETE="false" DISPLAY="true" DUPLICATE="true" MODIFY="false" PRINT="false"/>
<metsRights:Constraints CONSTRAINTTYPE="TIME">
<metsRights:ConstraintDescription>confidentialité 2014-11-08 2030-11-08</metsRights:ConstraintDescription>
</metsRights:Constraints>
</metsRights:Context>
</metsRights:RightsDeclarationMD>
</mets:xmlData>
</mets:mdWrap>
</mets:rightsMD>
<mets:rightsMD ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.DROITS_DOCTORANT">
<mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="OTHER" OTHERMDTYPE="tef_droits_auteur_these">
<mets:xmlData>
<metsRights:RightsDeclarationMD RIGHTSCATEGORY="CONTRACTUAL">
<metsRights:Context CONTEXTCLASS="GENERAL PUBLIC">
<metsRights:Permissions COPY="false" DELETE="false" DISPLAY="false" DUPLICATE="false" MODIFY="false" PRINT="false"/>
</metsRights:Context>
<metsRights:Context CONTEXTCLASS="INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATE">
<metsRights:Permissions COPY="false" DELETE="false" DISPLAY="true" DUPLICATE="true" MODIFY="false" PRINT="false"/>
</metsRights:Context>
</metsRights:RightsDeclarationMD>
</mets:xmlData>
</mets:mdWrap>
</mets:rightsMD>
<mets:rightsMD ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.DROITS">
<mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="OTHER" OTHERMDTYPE="tef_droits_version">
<mets:xmlData>
<metsRights:RightsDeclarationMD RIGHTSCATEGORY="CONTRACTUAL">
<metsRights:Context CONTEXTCLASS="GENERAL PUBLIC">
<metsRights:Permissions COPY="false" DELETE="false" DISPLAY="false" DUPLICATE="false" MODIFY="false" PRINT="false"/>
</metsRights:Context>
<metsRights:Context CONTEXTCLASS="INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATE">
<metsRights:Permissions COPY="false" DELETE="false" DISPLAY="true" DUPLICATE="true" MODIFY="false" PRINT="false"/>
<metsRights:Constraints CONSTRAINTTYPE="TIME">
<metsRights:ConstraintDescription>confidentialité 2014-11-08 2030-11-08</metsRights:ConstraintDescription>
</metsRights:Constraints>
</metsRights:Context>
</metsRights:RightsDeclarationMD>
</mets:xmlData>
</mets:mdWrap>
</mets:rightsMD>
</mets:amdSec>
<mets:fileSec>
<mets:fileGrp ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.EDITION_ARCHIVAGE.FILEGRP" USE="archive">
<mets:file ADMID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.EDITION_ARCHIVAGE.TECH_FICHIER.DOSSIER_1.DOSSIER_1.FICHIER_1" ID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.EDITION_ARCHIVAGE.DOSSIER_1.DOSSIER_1.FICHIER_1" SEQ="1">
<mets:FLocat LOCTYPE="URL" xlink:href="STRA/THESE_52760/document/0/0/Totozani_Igli_2014_ED101_A.pdf"/>
</mets:file>
</mets:fileGrp>
</mets:fileSec>
<mets:structMap TYPE="logical">
<mets:div ADMID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.ADMINISTRATION ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.DROITS_UNIVERSITE ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.DROITS_DOCTORANT" CONTENTIDS="CONTENTIDS.ABES.STAR.THESE_52760" DMDID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.DESCRIPTION_BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE" TYPE="THESE">
<mets:div ADMID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.DROITS" CONTENTIDS="CONTENTIDS.ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE" TYPE="VERSION_COMPLETE">
<mets:div CONTENTIDS="CONTENTIDS.ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.EDITION_ARCHIVAGE" DMDID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.DESCRIPTION.EDITION_ARCHIVAGE" TYPE="EDITION">
<mets:fptr FILEID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.EDITION_ARCHIVAGE.FILEGRP"/>
</mets:div>
<mets:div CONTENTIDS="CONTENTIDS.ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.EDITION_1" DMDID="ABES.STAR.THESE_52760.VERSION_COMPLETE.DESCRIPTION.EDITION_1" TYPE="EDITION"/>
</mets:div>
</mets:div>
</mets:structMap>
</mets:mets>