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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Amélioration du rendement matière lors de la cristallisation de lingots de silicium photovoltaïque multi-cristallin</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Silicium photovoltaïque</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Red zone</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Revêtement anti-adhérent</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Impuretés</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diffusion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rendement de conversion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cellules photovoltaïques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Photovoltaic silicon</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Red zone</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Releasing coating</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Iron</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Diffusion</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="032103522" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Semiconducteurs -- Diffusion des impuretés</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031275427" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Conversion photovoltaïque</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les lingots de Si-PV élaborés par solidification dirigée en creuset présentent des propriétés électriques dégradées dans les zones en contact avec le creuset (red zones). Dans ce contexte, le travail répond à une double problématique. Tout d’abord nous étudions l’influence de la pureté du creuset sur la qualité du silicium et l’étendue de la red zone, et apportons des éléments de compréhension sur les phénomènes physiques à l’origine de cette dernière. Pour cela, des lingots de taille laboratoire cristallisés dans des creusets de différentes puretés sont analysés électriquement et chimiquement. A partir de la compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu, la deuxième problématique est de développer un creuset innovant permettant de réduire la pollution du lingot de silicium par le creuset et le revêtement, tout d’abord à l’échelle du laboratoire puis sur des lingots de taille semi-industrielle de 60 kg en vue d’un transfert de technologie à l’échelle industrielle. Des cellules photovoltaïques sont fabriquées à partir de lingots cristallisés dans des creusets en silice frittée utilisés dans l’industrie et des creusets innovants, afin de comparer leurs rendements de conversion et valider les effets bénéfiques du creuset innovant.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The majority of silicon used for PV applications is crystallized via directional solidification in silica crucibles with suitable coatings. The obtained ingots exhibit, however, poor electrical properties near the crucible walls (red zones). Until present, the physical mechanisms leading to this degradation are both unclear and unresolved. This thesis addresses exactly these two points. It analyses the root causes leading to the electrical degradation and it proposes an innovative crucible to limit it. An electrical and chemical quantitative study is performed to determine the influence of the purity of the crucible on the quality of the obtained silicon. Specifically, the extent of the red zone is analyzed in great detail in laboratory-scale ingots crystallized in crucibles of different purity. Once the role of impurities present in the crucible is determined, an innovative crucible is proposed and tested. Its scope is to minimize impurity diffusion from the crucible and its coating to the silicon. As proof of concept, laboratory scale (3 kg) and semi-industrial scale (60 kg) ingots are crystallized in this novel crucible and in a standard, reference crucible. The semi-industrial ingots are further used to fabricate solar cells. Characterization of the solar cells validates the beneficial effects of the innovative crucible with respect to the standard one.</dcterms:abstract>
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