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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Biosynthèse des unités isopréniques chez les végétaux</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Isoprénoïdes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Latex</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Euphorbiacées</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Marquage isotopique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Euphorbiaceae</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">GC-iRMS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Isotope labeling</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027799514" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Biosynthèse</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031973442" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Biocarburants</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse de Doctorat est rattachée au projet européen Eulafuel, visant à concevoir un biocarburant à partir des triterpènes du latex de l’épurge Euphorbia lathyris. Notre mission consiste à étudier l’origine biosynthétique des unités isopréniques constituant ces molécules. Proviennent-elles de la voie du mévalonate (MVA) et/ou de la voie du méthylérythritol phosphate (MEP) ? En premier lieu, nous avons mis au point un protocole de culture de la plante en conditions axéniques et comparé les profils triterpéniques de plantes cultivées dans différentes conditions. Nous avons ensuite montré, grâce à des expériences d’incorporation de précurseurs marqués au 13C et au 2H, que les isoprénoïdes d’E. lathyris étaient produits via la voie du MVA. La seconde partie de ce travail porte sur l’étude de l’origine biosynthétique d’isoprénoïdes de végétaux par GC-iRMS, une intéressante alternative aux expériences de marquage. Nous avons comparé les signatures isotopiques δD et δ13C des lipides provenant de huit organismes phototrophes et formulé plusieurs hypothèses permettant d’expliquer les différences de fractionnement isotopique observées.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This PhD thesis is included in a European project, Eulafuel, aiming to use latex triterpenes of caper spurge (Euphorbia lathyris) as a biofuel source. Our investigation focuses on the biosynthetic origin of isoprene units. Are they produced via mevalonate (MVA) pathway and/or methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway? First, we proposed a procedure to cultivate E. lathyris in axenic conditions, and we compared triterpenic profiles from plants grown in different conditions. Then, we showed, by incorporating 13C- and 2H-labeled precursors, that E. lathyris isoprenoids were produced via MVA pathway. The second part of this work is based on an isotopic analysis of plant isoprenoids by GC-iRMS, an interesting alternative to labeling experiments. We compared isotopic signatures (δD and δ13C) of lipids arising from eight phototrophic organisms and we proposed several hypothesis to explain the isotopic fractionation differences we observed.</dcterms:abstract>
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