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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Synthesis and homogeneous catalytic applications of nickel(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Synthèse et applications en catalyse homogène de complexes nickel(II)-carbène N-hétérocyclique</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nickel</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Carbène N-hétérocyclique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Complexes demi-sandwich</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Α-arylation de cétones</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hydrosilylation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nickel</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">N-heterocyclic carbene</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Half-sandwich complexes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ketone α-arylation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hydrosilylation</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027722074" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Catalyseurs au nickel</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="167466356" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Carbènes N-hétérocycliques</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="029727332" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Composés organométalliques</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027993884" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Catalyse homogène</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Une étude détaillée a été effectuée sur des composés organométalliques de carbènes N-hétérocycliques (NHC) de nickel(II), et plus particulièrement sur des complexes demi-sandwich nickel(II)−NHC. Ces complexes ont montré des activités sans précédent en catalyse homogène, notamment en α-arylation de cétones acycliques, où des charges en pré-catalyseur de seulement 1 mol% ont pu être utilisées. L' étude mécanistique de cette réaction tend à montrer l'implication d'intermédiaires radicalaires. De plus, ces complexes demi-sandwich se sont révélés être des pré-catalyseurs performants en hydrosilylation de dérivés carbonylés et d'imines. Les méthodologies qui en découlent fournissent de façon efficace et sélective les produits de réduction correspondants, dans des conditions réactionnelles douces. Un intermédiaire réactionnel demi-sandwich de type nickel−hydrure, agissant probablement comme le véritable précurseur catalytique, a en outre pu être isolé. D'autre part, la synthèse de nouveaux complexes Ni−NHC a remarquablement mené à une nouvelle méthodologie de substitution du ligand cyclopentadienyl dans des dérivés demi-sandwich alkyl,NHC−Ni. Enfin, l'utilisation de NHCs moins classiques, comme les NHCs possédant un squelette malonate, ou encore les carbènes (alkyl)(amine) cycliques, a mené à l'isolement de nouveaux complexes carbéniques de nickel(II), dont les premiers résultats catalytiques sont encourageants.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">A detailed study has been conducted on organometallic compounds of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) of nickel(II), in particular on half-sandwich nickel(II)−NHC complexes. These complexes showed unprecedented catalytic activity in homogeneous catalysis, especially in the α-arylation of acyclic ketones, where catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol% could be used. Mechanistic experiments suggest that radicals are implied. Furthermore, these half-sandwich complexes proved to be efficient pre-catalysts in the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds and imines, allowing the reduction processes to proceed under mild reaction conditions. During the course of these studies, a half-sandwich nickel−hydride intermediate that probably acts as the true pre-catalyst was isolated. Remarkably, the synthesis of new Ni−NHC complexes led to a methodology for cyclopentadienyl ligand substitution in stable 18-electron alkyl,NHC−Ni derivatives. Finally, the use of less common NHC ligands, such as NHCs possessing a malonate backbone, or else, the use of cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbenes, led to the isolation of new nickel−carbene complexes, which gave encouraging preliminary catalytic results.</dcterms:abstract>
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