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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Quantification de l'altération dans les sols par les déséquilibres radioactifs : approche sur sol total et phases minérales séparées</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Determination of soil weathering rates with U-Th series disequilibria : approach on bulk soil and selected mineral phases</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Altération sol</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Deséquilibre radioactif</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Chaine de l'uranium</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Minéraux secondaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Oxydes de fer</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Oxydes de manganèse</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Soil weathering</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">U-Th series</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Unranium chain</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Secondary minerals</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Iron oxide</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Manganese oxide</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027871800" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Isotopes radioactifs en physique des sols</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027828778" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Géochimie isotopique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ce travail porte sur l'utilisation des déséquilibres radioactifs dans les échantillons de sols totaux, et des fractions minérales séparées. Les objectifs étaient d'évaluer : 1) l'impact d'un changement de végétation et de la granulométrie de la roche mère dans les sols sur les déséquilibres, 2) les phases minérales secondaires capables d'enregistrer des informations temporelles, et leur séparation chimique et 3) l’information temporelle portée par les minéraux primaires. Ce travail a mis en évidence sur le site de Breuil-Chenue que les couches les plus profondes du sol (&lt; 40cm) ne montrent pas d’impact de la végétation ou de la granulométrie de la roche mère sur les déséquilibres radioactifs. Les faibles vitesses de production du sol (~1-2 mm/ka) obtenues reflètent la très faible érosion physique affectant ce site situé sur un plateau. La seconde partie de ce travail a permis d'identifier un protocole permettant d’extraire les oxydes de fer sans création de fractionnement chimique. Enfin, l'analyse de biotites d’un profil du même site a montré que les déséquilibres U/Th permettaient de déterminer de façon indépendante les vitesses d’altération in situ des minéraux dans les sols.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The aim of the present study was to evaluate weathering and soil formation rates using U-Th disequilibria in bulk soil or separated minerals. The specific objectives of this work were to evaluate the use of U-Th chronometric tools 1) regarding the impact of a land cover change and the bedrock characteristics 2) in selected secondary mineral phases and 3) in primary minerals. On the Breuil-Chenue (Morvan) site, no vegetation effect neither a grain size effect was observed on the U-Th series in the deepest soil layers (&lt; 40cm). The low soil production rate (1-2 mm/ka) is therefore more affected by regional geomorphology than by the underlying bedrock texture. In the second part of this work, based on a thorough evaluation of different technics, a procedure was retained to extract Fe-oxides without chemical fractionation. Finally, the analysis of biotites hand-picked from one of the studied soil profile showed that U- series disequilibria allow to independently determinate the field-weathering-rate of minerals.</dcterms:abstract>
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