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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude du rôle des étapes initiales d'adhérence des plaquettes sanguines et du flux pulsatile dans l'agrégation plaquettaire</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Plaquettes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hémostase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Thrombose artérielle</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Flux pulsatile</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hemostasis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Arterial thrombosis</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027762823" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Facteurs de coagulation du sang</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Lors d'une lésion vasculaire, les plaquettes adhèrent, s’activent et agrègent pour former un clou hémostatique qui stoppe le saignement. Dans un contexte pathologique, l’agrégation plaquettaire mène à la formation d’un thrombus qui peut obstruer une artère malade et entrainer des pathologies ischémiques graves. Les agents antiplaquettaires actuels, qui ciblent l’activation et l’agrégation des plaquettes, ont une efficacité reconnue, mais ont pour limites, la récurrence d'événements ischémiques et le risque hémorragique. L’objectif central de ma thèse a été d’explorer l’importance des étapes initiales d’adhérence des plaquettes aux protéines sous-endothéliales et du rôle du flux sanguin dans l’agrégation des plaquettes. J’ai pu montrer qu’un anticorps dirigé contre la GPIbβ, RAM.1, réduit la signalisation du complexe GPIb-V-IX et la formation de thrombi sans affecter l'hémostase. J’ai également mis en évidence que la fibronectine cellulaire fibrillaire est une surface thrombogène qui assure l’adhérence, l'activation, l'agrégation et l'activité pro-coagulante des plaquettes. Enfin, mes travaux indiquent que la pulsatilité du flux sanguin possède un rôle inverse sur la croissance des thrombi en conditions physiologique et pathologique. En conclusion, ce travail met en lumière l’importance des étapes initiales d’adhérence des plaquettes et de la pulsatilité du flux sanguin dans l’agrégation plaquettaire.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Following vascular injury, blood platelets adhere, become activated and aggregate to form a hemostatic plug which stops the bleeding. In a pathological context, platelet aggregation can also lead to the formation of an occlusive thrombus, responsible for lifethreatening ischemic events. Current antiplatelet drugs targeting platelet activation and aggregation, have a recognized efficacy, but also present some limitations including the recurrence of ischemic events and the risk of bleeding. The aim of my thesis was to explore the importance of the initial step of platelet adhesion to subendothelial proteins and the role of pulsatile blood flow in platelet aggregation. I provided evidence that RAM.1 an antibody directed against GPIbβ, reduces GPIb signaling and thrombus formation without affecting hemostasis. My work also showed that fibrillar cellular fibronectin is a thrombogenic surface which supports efficient adhesion, activation, aggregation and procoagulant activity of platelets. Finally, I observed that the pulsatility of the blood flow has an inverse role in the growth of thrombi in physiological and pathological settings. In conclusion, this work highlights the importance of initial stages of platelet adhesion and of the blood flow pulsatility in platelet aggregation.</dcterms:abstract>
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