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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation des mécanismes de régulation de la voie IMD au cours de la réponse immunitaire chez Drosophila melanogaster</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Deciphering regulatory mecharnsms of the lMD pathway activation during the innate immune response in Drosophila</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Immunité innée</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Inflammation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Tolérance</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Drosophile</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Innate immunity</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le système immunitaire inné est un mécanisme de défense commun à tous les métazoaires. Chez l’Homme comme chez la drosophile, son activation peut être délétère lorsqu’elle est incontrôlée. L’étude des mécanismes qui sous-Tendent cet équilibre entre l’activation ou non de la réponse immunitaire innée est à la base de mes travaux de thèse. En utilisant le modèle Drosophila melanogaster, j’ai caractérisé la protéine Big-Bang comme un acteur important de la balance immunitaire intestinale. Mes résultats démontrent que Big-Bang est un constituant des jonctions obturantes de l’épithélium intestinal. Son absence provoque une rupture de tolérance immunitaire envers la flore bactérienne endogène et d’autre part une sensibilité accrue aux pathogènes invasifs. Mes travaux de thèse ont également permis de caractériser Akirine, une protéine nucléaire qui agit au niveau des facteurs NF-ΚB de la drosophile à l’Homme. Mes résultats démontrent qu’Akirine est un sélecteur qui agit de concert avec le complexe de remodelage de la chromatine SWI/SNF et NF-ΚB pour transcrire un sous-Ensemble de gènes pro-Inflammatoires.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The innate immune response is required by all metazoan to defend themselves against microorganisms. When abnormally activated however, innate immune responses cause deleterious chronic inflammation. The study of the fragile equilibrium between immune responses and tolerance has fundamentally shaped the projects of my PhD work.First, using Drosophila melangoaster as a model, I characterized Big-Bang as a major player of the immune balance in the gut. I could show that Big-Bang is a bona fide component of midgut epithelium septate junctions. Consequently, big-Bang deficient flies have an impaired tolerance against commensal microorganisms and are susceptible to invasive gut pathogens, ultimately leading to a premature death of flies.I focused the second part of my PhD work on the characterization of Akirin, a nuclear protein required for the activation of NF-ΚB response from Drosophila to humans. My results showed that Akirin is a selector molecule, acting together with NF-ΚB and the SWI/SNF chromatin-Remodeling complex to sustain the transcription of a subset of pro-Inflammatory genes.</dcterms:abstract>
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