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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Organisation tissulaire de l'horloge circadienne dans la rétine de rongeur</dc:title>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La rétine a une physiologie rythmique contrôlée par une horloge circadienne dont la localisation et l’organisation sont peu connues chez les mammifères. Nous avons étudié in vitro l’horloge rétinienne du rat et de la souris grâce au suivi par bioluminescence des rythmes d’expression d’éléments de son mécanisme moléculaire, le gène Period1 et la protéine PERIOD2 respectivement. Nous avons montré que chacune des trois couches rétiniennes contient un oscillateur circadien fonctionnel, mais que la période de leurs oscillations est très rallongée par rapport à celle du tissu entier et dépend d’un couplage asymétrique entre les couches. Nous avons montré par pharmacologie que le glutamate, le GABA, la glycine et la dopamine ne sont pas indispensables à ce couplage, et que les caséine kinases 1δ et 1ε modulent largement la période de l’horloge rétinienne. Finalement, nous avons observé un couplage au niveau cellulaire également, qui met en jeu, au moins en partie, les jonctions communicantes.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The retina exhibits physiological rhythms that are under the control of a circadian clock whose location and organization are poorly understood in mammals. We studied the retina clock in rat and mouse through in vitro bioluminescence monitoring of the rhythmic expression of molecular elements of the clockwork: the Period1 gene and the PERIOD2 protein respectively. We showed that each of the three retinal layers harbors a functional circadian oscillator, which period is strikingly longer than in the whole retina and depends on asymmetric coupling between layers. We pharmacologically investigated the nature of the coupling signals and showed that glutamate, GABA, glycine and dopamine are dispensable. We nevertheless highlighted that casein kinases 1δ and 1ε strongly modulate the period of the retina clock. Finally, we observed that the retina clock also entails cell-to-cell coupling that involves at least partially gap-junctions.</dcterms:abstract>
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