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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude des processus précoces impliqués dans la mémoire spatiale au cours du vieillissement : investigations électrophysiologiques</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The study of early cognitive processes involved in spatial memory in healthy aging : electrophysiological investigations</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Vieillissement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mémoire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Navigation spatiale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Potentiels évoqués</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">EEG</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Aging</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Memory</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Spatial navigation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Event-related potentials</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La navigation spatiale désigne la capacité de s'orienter et se repérer dans un environnement, et est particulièrement altérée chez les personnes âgées. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons d'identifier les mécanismes sous-tendant le déclin de cette fonction chez les seniors. Nous avons comparé les performances de participants âgés à celles de sujets jeunes lors de tâches spatiales, et employé la technique des potentiels évoqués (PE) afin d’analyser les mécanismes neuronaux sous-jacents. Nous avons montré une atteinte de la localisation allocentrique chez les seniors, tandis que la localisation égocentrique semble préservée. Nous avons étudié l'efficience de processus visuo-perceptifs et attentionnels chez les sujets âgés. L'analyse des PE montre une préservation des processus perceptifs avec l'âge, tandis que les processus d'attention spatiale semblent particulièrement décliner. Enfin, les processus d'encodage spatial semblent également affectés chez les sujets âgés.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Spatial navigation refers to the ability to find one's way in complex environments, and is particularly affected in elderly individuals. We aimed to better understand the mechanisms underlying age-related deficits in spatial navigation, focusing on early cognitive processes. For this purpose, we compared performances obtained by elderly individuals above 60 years and by younger adults during spatial tasks, and used the event-related potentials (ERP) technique to investigate underlying neural processes. First, we found that allocentric localization is impaired in aging, whereas egocentric localization seems to be preserved. Then, we investigated the role of visuo-perceptive or attentional processes in spatial cognition, and their preservation in aging. ERP showed that perceptive processes seem to be preserved in elderly individuals, whereas spatial attention processes were impaired in these subjects. Finally, we showed that encoding processes are also particularly affected by aging.</dcterms:abstract>
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