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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude des mécanismes de formation des plaquettes sanguines : rôle de l'environnement médullaire</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mégacaryocyte</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rigidité</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Myosine IIA</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027653978" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Agrégation plaquettaire</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les mécanismes de formation des plaquettes sanguines à partir des mégacaryocytes ne sont pas totalement compris, mais l’environnement médullaire semble y avoir une influence cruciale. Dans ce travail nous montrons que i) les intégrines β3, récepteurs de protéines de matrice extracellulaire, semblent impliquées dans la mégacaryopoïèse et la formation des plaquettes, ii) la différenciation des cellules hématopoïétiques dans un environnement 3D de rigidité comparable à la moelle osseuse améliore la maturation des mégacaryocytes différenciés in vitro et iii) la myosine IIA est impliquée dans la distribution des organelles dans les mégacaryocytes. Parallèlement, Nous avons caractérisé la spécificité d’expression du transgène Pf4-cre pour valider son utilisation dans nos approches expérimentales. Ce travail apporte un éclairage nouveau sur le rôle de la myosine IIA et des intégrines dans les mégacaryocytes et souligne l’influence de la rigidité de l’environnement dans la mégacaryopoïèse.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Megakaryocytes differentiation (megakaryopoiesis) and platelet formation mechanisms are not entirely understood, but the bone marrow environment seems to be crucial in these processes. In this thesis, we show i) that integrin β3, the extracellular matrix protein receptors, are involved in megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation, ii) that recreating a 3D environment of stiffness in the range of that of bone marrow improves the maturation of in vitro differentiated megakaryocytes and iii) a new role for myosin IIA in the cytoplasmic distribution of organelles within the megakaryocyte. As a side-project, we characterized the specificity of expression of the Pf4-cre transgene to validate its use in our experimental approaches. This work enlightens new roles for myosin IIA and integrins in megakaryocytes and indicates that stiffness of the environment influences megakaryopoiesis.</dcterms:abstract>
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