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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Mort neuronale et maladies à prions</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cervelet</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Neuroinflammation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Protéine Doppel</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Prion diseases</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cerebellum</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neuroinflammation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La conversion conformationnelle de la protéine prion cellulaire PrPC neuroprotectrice en protéine prion PrPSc infectieuse et pathogène caractérise les maladies à prions. Dans le cerveau infecté par les prions, la perte de PrPC, le gain de PrPSc neurotoxique et l’inflammation concourent à la mort neuronale par des mécanismes encore mal connus.Ces travaux valident les cultures organotypiques de cervelet de souris comme système expérimental ex vivo favorable à l’étude de ces mécanismes et montrent que l’absence de PrPC aussi bien que PrPSc activent des mécanismes apoptotiques et autophagiques qui conduisent à la mort des cellules de Purkinje du cervelet. Une deuxième étude in situ chez la souris montre que la compartimentation anatomo-fonctionnelle du cervelet est un paramètre endogène de la pathogenèse des prions de tremblante 22L. Une troisième série d’expériences in situ montre que les prions provoquent l’augmentation du récepteur TNFR1 de la cytokine pro-inflammatoire TNF-α à la membrane des astrocytes enveloppant les synapses excitatrices des cellules de Purkinje dans le cortex cérébelleux de souris infectées. Ceci implique une composante astrocytaire dans la réaction des complexes synaptiques aux prions.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The conversion of the protective cellular prion protein PrPC into an infectious, neurotoxic conformer PrPSc is a feature of prion diseases. In the prion-diseased brain, the loss of PrPC, the production of pathogenic PrPSc and inflammation contribute to neuronal death by still unknown mechanisms.The present results validate cerebellar organotypic cultures as a valuable experimental system to study ex vivo these mechanisms and provide insight into the apoptotic and autophagic processes activated by the absence of PrPC in Prnp-deficient mice and by PrPSc prions and lead to the death of the cerebellar Purkinje cells. A second line of research in situ showed that the anatomo-functional compartmentation of the mouse cerebellum is an endogenous parameter of the pathogenesis of the 22L scrapie prions. Finally, another in situ approach revealed that prions increase the levels of TNFR1, a receptor for the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α at the membrane of the astrocytes enveloping Purkinje cell excitatory synapses in the cerebellar cortex of infected mice. This implies that the response of synaptic complexes to prions involves a glial component.</dcterms:abstract>
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