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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Développement de modèles animaux de maladies génétiques des systèmes cardiovasculaire et musculaire chez le poisson-zèbre</dc:title>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les nombreux avantages du poisson zèbre ont été utilisés pour modéliser deux maladies héréditaires: la desminopathie et la maladie veino-occlusive pulmonaire (MVOP). La desminopathie est une myopathie myofibrillaire caractérisée par la présence d’agrégats. Deux modèles, de perte et de gain de fonction ont permis de montrer l’importance à la fois de la perte de desmine fonctionnelle et de la présence d’agrégats. Les phénotypes observés incluent en particulier des défauts biomécaniques de la contraction cardiaque et de la propagation calcique myocardique. Des approches thérapeutiques, réduisant la taille des agrégats, sont proposées. Après avoir validé l’utilisation du poisson-zèbre comme modèle d’étude de l’hypertension artérielle, en vérifiant l’implication de l’élasticité de la paroi artérielle dans la régulation du flux sanguin, des modèles de MVOP, une forme rare et sévère d’hypertension pulmonaire, ont été générés et étudiés. Ils confirment la spécificité veineuse de la MVOP.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The numerous advantages of zebrafish were used to study two hereditary diseases: desminopathy and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). Desminopathy is a myofibrillar myopathy characterized by the presence of granulofilamentous aggregates. Two models of loss and gain of function of desmin showed the implication of both loss of functional desmin and presence of desmin aggregates in desminopathy clinical manifestations. Phenotypes observed in these models include in particular a perturbation of the heart contraction biomechanics and of calcium propagation throughout the myocardium. Potential drugs, lowering the aggregate content, were proposed. After validating the use of zebrafish as a model of arterial hypertension, by verifying the implication of the elasticity of the aorta in blood flow regulation, we generated and characterized PVOD models. PVOD is a rare and severe form of pulmonary hypertension. The venous-specificity of the phenotypes observed in this pathology was confirmed.</dcterms:abstract>
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