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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les aires cérébrales entretiennent des relations fonctionnelles, formant ainsi des réseaux qui peuvent être altérés dans diverses pathologies. L'étude de ces réseaux de connectivité fonctionnelle pourrait potentiellement aider au diagnostic d'un individu et au traitement de sa pathologie. À travers quatre études, nous avons montré que l'analyse en composantes indépendantes spatiale est une méthode suffisamment sensible, reproductible et spécifique pour mettre en évidence, à l’échelle individuelle et au repos, des réseaux sains et pathologiques fiables. Ainsi, le réseau pathologique sous-tendant les hallucinations acoustico-verbales permet de définir les aires cérébrales à traiter par stimulation magnétique transcrânienne. Parmi les réseaux sains, ceux qui impliquent le cortex cingulaire postérieur et le précunéus semblent profondément altérés dans les troubles de la conscience, et peuvent servir d'outil diagnostic pour distinguer le locked-in syndrome de l'état végétatif. Il est désormais possible de cartographier, à l'échelle individuelle, les relations fonctionnelles entre les aires cérébrales. L’étude à venir de la dynamique et du niveau d’activité des réseaux de connectivité fonctionnelle nous renseignera davantage sur leurs fonctions et leur implication dans la pathologie.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Brain areas are functionally connected in networks, even at rest. Since such connectivity networks could be impaired in several pathologies, they could potentially serve for diagnosis and treatment. Based on four studies, spatial independent component analysis has shown sufficient sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity to produce reliable healthy as well as pathological networks at the individual level. Therefore, the network underlying auditory hallucination could define the brain areas to treat by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Among the common resting-state networks, the ones involving the posterior cingular cortex and the precuneus seem deeply altered in disorders of consciousness, and so could be used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish the locked-in syndrome from the vegetative state. We can now map, at the individual level, the functional relationships between brain areas. Further studies on the dynamic and on the level of activity of the functional connectivity networks might provide relevant information about their functions and their involvement in the pathology.</dcterms:abstract>
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