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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Les principes fondateurs de l'ordre constitutionnel turc : la laïcité et le nationalisme de la fin de l'Empire ottoman à nos jours</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Laïcité</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Démocratie</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Secularism</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La laïcité et le nationalisme, en tant que principes fondateurs de la République de Turquie, forment son noyau identitaire qui donne à l’ordre constitutionnel sa spécificité. La laïcité, qui a réalisé le principe de séparation de l’État et de la religion, a maintenu la religion sous son contrôle. Le nationalisme construit en réaction au démembrement de l’Empire ottoman a affirmé l’indivisibilité de l’État du point de vue de son territoire et de sa nation. Cette dernière est comprise comme essentiellement turque et musulmane. Les notions de laïcité et de nationalisme, compte tenu de la place et de la valeur qui leur sont reconnues dans l’ordre constitutionnel, irriguent l’ensemble de l’ordre constitutionnel et constituent un étalon de référence. En ce sens, elles sont des principes « structurants » de l’ordre constitutionnel qui entretiennent des rapports ambigus et contradictoires aussi bien avec la religion qu’avec la démocratie.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Nationalism and secularism are the core principles that create the constitutional order forming the Republic of Turkey. Secularism achieves the separation of State and Church, but also establishes the control over religion. Nationalism permitted to preserve the State against the threat of being shattered at the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Since then, it expresses the indivisibility of the State with its territory and nation. At the same time, it maintains religion as part of the national identity, which is also defined as Turkish. Both notions lead to ambiguity and paradoxes which are revealed by democracy. Considering their place and value in the constitutional order, nationalism and secularism can be regarded as structuring principles (“principes structurants”) which give the constitutional order of the Republic of Turkey its particularities.</dcterms:abstract>
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