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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Le risque arbitral : arbitrage et justice de l'Etat</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Arbitrage</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les parties qui font le choix de l'arbitrage encourent des risques absents de la justice de l'Etat. La comparaison entre ces deux modes de résolution des différends est de nature à mettre en exergue le niveau de ces risques et à permettre leur identification. Du point de vue des garanties offertes au justiciable, il apparaît que l'importance des difficultés auxquelles s'exposent les plaideurs est assez faible. L'arbitrage offre généralement des garanties identiques à celles de la justice de l'Etat. Parfois, celles-ci sont même plus fortes que ce que propose la justice de l'Etat : obligations de transparence et de célérité. En revanche, les menaces pesant sur l'efficacité de la procédure arbitrale sont plus problématiques : l'arbitre bénéficie d'un régime de responsabilité nettement moins favorable que le juge de l'Etat. En outre, les décisions des tribunaux arbitraux ne constituent pas une jurisprudence. Enfin, ces derniers sont dépourvus d'imperium merum. Ils ne disposent pas de la faculté d'apposer la formule exécutoire.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Parties choosing arbitration are facing various risks. They are very different from the difficulties occurring within state justice. Identifying and assessing the level of those risks can be made possible by comparing those two forms of justice. Regarding the procedural guarantees, it appears that the parties are facing risks of a very weak importance. Arbitration is generally providing the same guarantees than state justice. Sometimes, they are even stronger : duty of disclosure, and reasonable time, for instance. However, the threats over the procedural efficiency are raising bigger problems : the arbitrator benefits from a liability regime far less favorable than the state judge. Moreover, arbitral tribunals' decisions do not constitute a case law. At last, arbitrators do not have any imperium merum powers. For instance, they cannot issue orders for the enforcement of their decision.</dcterms:abstract>
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