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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Exploration and detection of ultra-traces of explosives by chip calorimetry</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nanocalorimétrie</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nano-focus DRX</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Co-crystaux</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nanocalorimetry</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Energetic materials</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nano-focus X-ray diffraction</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027391264" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Calorimétrie</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031696678" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Enthalpie</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="028321014" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Engins explosifs -- Détection</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La détection de très faibles quantités de Matériaux Energétiques (ME) est un challenge important dans la lutte contre le terrorisme. En plus des méthodes de détection des ME par affinité chimique, il est aussi intéressant d'utiliser les variations enthalpiques dues à la décomposition des ME pour les détecter par analyse thermique. Cependant, la sensibilité des methodes classiques est insuffisante pour la détection des particules dont la masse se situe dans le domaine des nanogrammes. En revanche, la nanocalorimétrie est parfaitement adaptée pour la caractérisation de très faibles quantités d'échantillons et est de ce fait adaptée aux exigences de la détection. Afin d'explorer la possibilité de détecter et d'identifier des micro-particules solides de ME à l'aide de l'analyse thermique, nous avons élaboré des protocols optimisés pour la détection et l'identification de particules pures unitaires de quelques nanogrammes de ME ainsi que leurs mélanges. Les résultats montrent que la limite de détection se situe environ à quelques centaines de picrogrammes. Les expériences ont été complétées par de l'analyse structurale in-situ en utilisant sa combinaison avec de la DRX par faisceau nanofocus synchrotron.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Being able to sense the minuscule amounts of energetic materials is crucial in the context of the fight against terrorism. Apart from the methods of detection of EM, which are specific to the chemical structure, one could use the enthalpy variations of the EM decomposition process for their detection by means of thermal analysis. However, the sensitivity of classical methods would be still insufficient to sense particles in the nanogram range. By contrast, the recently developed technique of chip calorimetry is perfectly suited for characterizing small amounts of samples and is therefore fully adequate for this task.In order to explore the possibilities of detection and identification of solid micro-particles of EM with thermal analysis, we discuss on the protocols optimized for the detection and identification of nanogram-size particles of EM and its mixtures with the chip calorimeter accessory. The results obtained on pure EM and its mixtures show that the detection threshold can be put at approximately several hundred picograms. The experiments were completed by the in-situ structural analysis using a combination with nanofocus synchrotron XRD.</dcterms:abstract>
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