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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Development of an elongational-flow microprocess for the production of size-controlled nanoemulsions : application to the preparation of composite and hybrid polymeric microparticles</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Développement d'un microprocédé discontinu et continu pour la production de nanoémulsions de tailles contrôlées : application à la préparation de microparticules de polymère composites et hybrides</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microfluidique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Écoulement elongationnel</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Micromélangeur</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Gouttelette</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microparticule</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nanoparticule</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polymère</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Composite</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hybride</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Microfluidics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Elongational-flow</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Micromixer</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Droplet</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Microparticle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nanoparticle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polymer</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Composite</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hybrid</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’objectif de ce travail fut de développer et d’étudier les performances d’un microprocédé basse pression à écoulement élongationnel pour la production de nanoémulsions polymérisables de tailles contrôlées et de distributions de taille étroites. Le diamètre des nanogouttelettes a pu être précisément ajusté dans la gamme 50-300 nm en modifiant simplement les paramètres de procédé : le débit réciproque au travers du micromélangeur, le nombre de cycles et la dimension caractéristique du microcanal. Les nanoémulsions produites furent, dans une seconde étape, polymérisées par voie thermique ou par irradiation UV afin de générer des suspensions colloïdales de nanoparticules de polymère de tailles également contrôlées (87-360 nm). Un monomère, un agent de réticulation ainsi qu’un amorceur thermique ou photochimique appropriés furent par la suite ajoutés au milieu continu de ces nanosuspensions. Les solutions résultantes servirent comme phases dispersées dans des générateurs microfluidiques de gouttelettes à capillaires. Les microgouttelettes de taille contrôlée ainsi produites furent polymérisées en ligne par irradiation UV pour donner lieu à des microsphères ou à des microparticules coeur-écorce composites de polymère toutes deux dopées avec des nanoparticules de polymère. Des microparticles composites et hydrides comportant des nanoparticules d’or dans le coeur et d’argent dans l’écorce furent également obtenues grâce à la réduction photochimique in situ des sels précurseurs lors de la photopolymérisation des microgouttelettes. Ce travail a démontré l’efficacité d’un nouveau dispositif microfluidique basse énergie pour la production de nanoémulsions et leur emploi pour la synthèse de matériaux polymères morphologiquement complexes.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The aim of this work was to develop and to study the performances of a low pressure elongational-flow microprocess for the production of size-controlled polymerizable nanoemulsions with narrow size distributions. Nanodroplets diameter was easily tuned in the size range 50-300 nm by varying the process parameters, namely the reciprocating flow rate through the micromixer, the number of cycles and the characteristic dimension of the microchannel. Obtained nanoemulsions were in a second step thermally or UV-assisted polymerized to give colloidal suspensions of size-tunable polymer nanoparticles (87-360 nm). Then, a proper monomer, crosslinker and thermal- or photo-initiator were added to the continuous phase of these nanosupensions. The resulting mixtures were used as the dispersed phases of two different capillaries-based microfluidic droplet generators. The produced sizecontrolled microdroplets were finally UV polymerized online and plain as well as core-shell composite polymeric microparticles doped with lower scale polymer nanoparticles were obtained. Composite/hybrid polymeric core-shell microparticles were also synthesized for which gold nanoparticles in the core and silver nanoparticles in the shell were synthesized in situ from their salt precursors during microdroplets polymerization. This work has demonstrated the high efficiency of a novel low energy microfluidic emulsification device for the production of nanoemulsions which were used for the synthesis of morphologically complex polymeric materials.</dcterms:abstract>
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