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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Relativistic effects : applications to multiferroic materials</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Couplage spin-orbit</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Multiferroïque</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Gallium ferrite</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Oxyde de chrome</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Lagrange</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dynamique des électrons semi-relativiste</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dirac Maxwell</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">XAS XMCD</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Spin Orbit Coupling</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Multiferroic</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Gallium Ferrite</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Chromium Oxide</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lagrangian</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Semi-relativistic Electron Dynamics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dirac Maxwell</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">XAS XMCD</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031688829" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Ferrites (matériaux magnétiques)</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031432166" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Électrons relativistes</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027701387" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Polarisation (physique nucléaire)</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="113932766" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Spintronique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Notre étude porte sur des matériaux à effets relativistes importants. L'hamiltonien semi-relativiste, couplé aux équations de Maxwell (EM), permet de déduire les sources de courant et de densité, incluant des termes de second ordre (polarisations de spin et de Darwin). Différents modèles sont développés par expansion des EM. L'étude ab initio montre que (1) le désordre atomique peut produire le ferrimagnétisme (FM) dans GaFeO3 (GFO) multiferroïque, (2) les états 3d Fe des octaèdres déformés ont une levée de dégénérescence tétraédrique (théorie du champ cristallin), (3) la polarisation électrique concorde avec l'expérience, (4) le mécanisme magnétoélectrique (ME) direct est insuffisant pour expliquer le ME observé. Pour Cr2O3, le calcul de l'état massif sous contraintes biaxiales n'explique pas son FM, la taille de l'échantillon ou l'excès d'oxygène pourrait de fait être important. Enfin, nous avons développé le XAS et le XMCD dans le code VASP et calculé ces spectres pour GFO.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">We studied the physics of materials where relativistic effects are important. We first coupled the semi-relativistic Hamiltonian with the Maxwell's equations, and derived the current and density sources, which included second-order terms like the spin and Darwin polarizations. Different models were developed, by expanding the Maxwell's equations. We then performed ab initio studies to explain (1) site disorders as the origin of ferrimagnetism in multiferroic GaFeO3 (GFO), (2) crystal-field theory where the Fe 3d states at the deformed octahedra have tetrahedral splittings, (3) the electric polarization as a function of temperature, and (4) the insufficiency of the direct magnetoelectric (ME) mechanism to explain observed ME behavior. For Cr2O3, bulk calculations for different biaxial strains failed to explain its ferromagnetism, indicating that size or excess-O effects might be important. Finally, we implemented XAS and XMCD in VASP and computed these spectra for GFO.</dcterms:abstract>
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